영국 정부의 교도소 개혁 전략의 딜레마와 시사점
Dilemmas and Implications of the UK Government’s Prison Reform Strategy
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전략의 딜레마와 시사점을 찾아보는 것이다. 연구 결과 음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수있다. 첫째, 영국 노동당 정부가 추구하는 구금형주의 형사정책과 준수조건을 엄격하게부가하는 조기석방제로는 교도소의 과밀화 문제를 해결할 수 없다. 둘째, 교정처우의질적 저하는 수용자 사회정착의 실패를 낳고 다시 교도소로 돌아오는 회전문 현상을가져온다. 셋째, 영국은 독립감시위원회와 왕립교도소감사원 등이 열악한 교정현실을지적하고 있지만, 규제권이 없어 실질적인 개선효과를 발휘하지 못하고 있다. 넷째, 영국 교도소의 수용자 자해, 수용자 간 폭행, 수용자의 교도관 폭행, 탈출이나 도주, 임시석방자의 미귀소 문제는 교정당국의 리더십 부재 및 수용자 관리에 실패하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 다섯째, 교정시설 내 정신장애 수용자나 약물중독 수용자에 대한적절한 개별처우 대책이 시급하다. 여섯째, 충분한 교육과 역량을 갖추지 못한 교도관의 채용은 수용자와의 갈등, 높은 이직률 등의 문제를 낳고 궁극적으로 수용자 교정처우의 질을 저하하는 부작용으로 이어진다. 일곱째, 영국의 해외교도소 정책은 수용자의 정서불안 및 문화적 갈등과 함께 수용자 처우를 상품화한다는 비판에 직면해 있다. 여덟째, 영국은 가장 시급한 교도소 과밀화 문제를 해결하지 못한 보수당 정권에서 교훈을 얻어야 하며, 단기형의 벌금형 대체, 조기석방 대상자의 준수 조건 폐지, 무관용주의적 형사정책 배제 등 근본적인 교도소 개혁 전략이 필요해 보인다.
Abstract
prison reform strategy proposed by the UK labour government that came into power in July 2024. The following implications can be drawn from the results of the s tudy. First, t he UK Labor government’s c ustodial criminal p olicy and early release system with strict compliance conditions can not solve the problem of prison overcrowding. Second, the deterioration of the quality of correctional treatment leads to the failure of inmates’ social settlement and a revolving door phenomenon in which they return to prison. Third, although the Independent Monitoring Committee and the His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons in the UK have pointed out the poor state of correctional conditions, they have not been able to achieve any real problem-solving effects due to the lack of control authority. Fourth, the problems of inmate self-harm, inmate-to-inmate assault, inmate assault on correctional officers, inmate escape or flight, and temporary release failure in UK prisons show the lack of leadership and failure of correctional authorities to manage inmates. Fifth, appropriate individual treatment measures for mentally ill and drug-addicted inmates in correctional facilities are urgently needed. Sixth, the hiring of prison officers without sufficient education and capabilities leads to problems such as conflicts with inmates and high turnover rates, which ultimately lowers the quality of correctional treatment for inmates. Seventh, the UK’s overseas prison policy is facing criticism that it commercializes the treatment of inmates along with emotional instability and cultural conflict among inmates. Eighth, the UK should learn a lesson from the conservative government that failed to solve the most urgent problem of overcrowding in prisons, and it seems necessary to implement fundamental prison reform strategies such as replacing short-term sentences with fines, abolishing compliance conditions for early release candidates, and excluding zero-tolerance criminal policies.
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