정신질환 수용자에 대한 통합재활프로그램의 효과
The Effects of an Integrated Rehabilitation Program on Inmates with Mental Illness
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초록
본 연구는 교정시설 내 정신질환 수용자를 대상으로 생물-심리-사회모델을 기반으로 한 통합재활프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 경남 소재 A 교정시설의정신질환 수용자 30명을 실험집단(10명), 비교집단(10명), 통제집단(10명)으로 무선배정하여 연구하였으며, 실험집단에는 통합재활프로그램을, 비교집단에는 기존 교정시설 프로그램을, 통제집단에는 아무런 처치도 하지 않았다. 연구 결과, 실험집단은 모든 종속변인에서 유의미한 개선을 보였다. 자아존중감의자기 비하, 사회적 기술의 협력･자기주장･자아 통제, 정신장애 회복의 신체적 회복, 지각된 스트레스가 현저히 개선되었다. 반복측정 분산분석 결과, 모든 변인에서 시간과 집단의 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 비교집단은 제한적 개선을, 통제집단은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 본 연구는 생물-심리-사회모델 기반 통합재활프로그램이 정신질환 수용자의 자아존중감 향상, 사회적 기술 증진, 정신장애 회복 촉진, 스트레스 감소에 효과적임을 입증하였다. 이는 정신질환 수용자의 심리사회적 기능 개선과 재사회화를 통한 재범방지에 중요한 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and empirically evaluate an integrated rehabilitation program based on the Biopsychosocial Model for inmates with mental illness in correctional facilities. Drawing on Engel’s (1977) Biopsychosocial Model as the theoretical foundation, the program was designed with consideration of both the unique characteristics of inmates with mental illness and the environmental factors of correctional settings. The study was conducted with 30 inmates diagnosed with mental illness at a correctional facility in Gyeongnam Province, who were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 10), a comparison group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10). The experimental group participated in the integrated rehabilitation program based on the Biopsychosocial Model, the comparison group received the institution’s existing rehabilitation program, and the control group received no intervention. The results indicated that the experimental group showed significant improvements across all dependent variables. In particular, there were notable improvements in subscales such as self-deprecation in self-esteem, cooperative assertiveness and self-control in social skills, and physical recovery in mental illness recovery. Furthermore, perceived stress levels were significantly reduced. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant main effects of time, group, and interaction effects between time and group on all dependent variables, supporting the effectiveness of the integrated rehabilitation program. While the comparison group exhibited slight improvements through the existing program, the degree of change was limited compared to the experimental group, and the control group showed no significant changes. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence that an integrated rehabilitation program based on the Biopsychosocial Model is effective in improving self-esteem, enhancing social skills, promoting recovery from mental illness, and reducing perceived stress among inmates with mental illness in correctional settings. These findings offer important implications for improving the psychosocial functioning and reintegration of mentally ill inmates, ultimately contributing to the prevention of recidivism. Future research is needed to develop tailored programs by mental illness type, conduct longitudinal studies to verify long-term effects, and establish multi-agency collaborative intervention models.