중도·중복장애의 개념, 진단평가 및 교육지원 관련 연구동향 분석
A Literature Review of the Concept, Assessment, and Educational Supports for Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities
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초록
이 연구는 1990년대부터 시작하여 2008년 9월까지 국내에서 이루어진 중도·중복장애관련 연구를 고찰하여 중도·중복장애의 개념적 정의와 특성을 알아보며, 그에 따른 교육적 지원에서 가장 필요로 한 부분이 무엇인가 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 중도·중복장애를 지닌 학생을 대상으로 한 문헌 96편을 선정하여, 중도ㆍ중복장애의 특성, 진단평가 체제, 교육지원 주제 동향 등을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 장애영역에 있어서는 단일 중도 장애로 뇌성마비가 가장 많았으며, 중복장애의 경우는 정신지체 중복이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 개념적 정의 측면에서, 뇌성마비는 적응행동과 운동에 관한 정의가 많은 반면 정신지체는 적응행동에 관한 정의가 많이 이루어지고 있었다. 둘째, 중도·중복을 가지고 있는 학생들의 교육적 지원을 위한 진단체제는 많이 실시되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중도·중복장애를 지니고 있는 학생들의 지원부분에서는 의사소통, 운동과 건강, 교육과정에 관련된 내용이 많았다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 혼용되고 있는 여러 용어들을 ‘중도·중복장애’로 통일할 것을 제안하며, 중도·중복장애 학생들을 위한 교육적 제안들도 함께 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to conceptualize the severe and multiple disabilities and to suggest future research directions in the field of severe and multiple disabilities by synthesizing the 96 related articles published between 1990 and 2008 across 13 major special education journals. Specifically, this study focused on the definition of severe and multiple disabilities, research trend on supports, and assessment. The results were as follow; First, cerebral palsy occupied high portion among students with severe disabilities. In addition, mental retardation was also frequently cited as students with severe and multiple disabilities. Most articles for cerebral palsy defined and explained characteristics, concepts on adaptive behavior and motor area. On the other hand, most of articles for mental retardation explained concept of adaptive behavior. Second, it was found that assessments to make up appropriate education and monitor its progress for students with severe and multiple disabilities were rarely conducted. Third, research trends of supports for students with severe and multiple disabilities were focused on communication, motor and health, and educational curriculum. We also discussed further research implications for educating students with severe and multiple disabilities based on the results of the study.
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