VAB 이론을 활용한 환경가치와 환경태도가 생분해성 물티슈 구매 행동에 미치는 영향: 소비자 지식의 조절 효과
Effects of Environmental Value and Attitudes on Purchasing Behavior Regarding Biodegradable Wipes: The Controlling Effect of Consumer Knowledge
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목적: 본 연구는 VAB 이론을 적용하여 소비자의 생분해성 물티슈 구매 행동을 예측하고 설명하는 데 목적이 있다. 방법: 환경가치(이기주의,이타주의,생태주의)가 환경태도에 미치는 영향과 환경태도가 구매행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 그 구조적 관계에서 소비자 지식의 조절효과를 확인하고자 가설을 설정하였다. 자료수집을 위해 성인 소비자를 대상으로 수집한 278개의 유효 자료를 분석하였다. 분석방법으로 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰성 분석, 구조방정식모형(SEM) 분석, 다중 집단 분석을 수행하였다. 결과: 생태주의와 친환경 태도가 생분해성 물티슈 구매행동에 중요한 영향을 미치는 반면, 이기주의와 이타주의는 친환경 태도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 친환경 태도가 구매행동에 미치는 영향은 두 집단 모두에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 생분해성 물티슈에 관한 소비자 지식 수준이 이기주의, 이타주의, 생태주의, 친환경 태도, 구매행동의 구조적 관계에서 조절작용을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 두 집단 간의 경로 차이 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과는 이기주의와 이타주의가 친환경 태도에 미치는 영향은 두 집단 모두에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타난 반면, 생태주의가 친환경 태도에 미치는 영향은 소비자 지식 수준이 높은 집단에서만 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 소비자 지식 수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 친환경 태도가 구매행동에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 생태주의가 높을수록 친환경 태도가 강해지고, 친환경적인 태도가 강할수록 생분해성 물티슈 구매행동이 증가한다. 즉, 생태주의와 친환경 태도가 생분해성 물티슈 구매행동에 중요한 영향을 미치는 반면, 이기주의와 이타주의는 친환경 태도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 또한, 소비자 지식 수준이 높을수록 생태주의가 친환경 태도에 미치는 긍정적 영향이 더 강하게 나타나고, 생분해성 물티슈 구매행동이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과가 정책 입안자와 기업에게 생분해성 물티슈 구매 촉진을 위한 마케팅 전략의 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Purpose: This study applies the value-attitude-behavior (VAB) theory to predict and explain consumers’ purchasing behavior regarding biodegradable wipes. Methods: This study established a hypothesis to analyze how environmental values (egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric) impact environmental attitudes and purchasing behaviors and confirm how consumer knowledge regulates their structural relationship. Consumption data from 278 adults were analyzed using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, structural equation model analysis, and multi-group analysis. Results: Biospheric value and environmental attitudes significantly affected purchase behaviors regarding biodegradable wipes; however, egoistic and altruistic values did not significantly impact their environmental attitudes. Furthermore, the effects of environmental attitudes on purchasing behavior was significant in both groups. Additionally, the level of consumer knowledge concerning biodegradable wipes moderated the structural relationship between egoistic and altruistic values, biospheric value, environmental attitudes, and purchasing behaviors. An analysis of path differences between the two groups revealed that the effects of egoistic and altruistic values on environmental attitudes were statistically insignificant in both groups. Conversely, the biospheric value’s effect on environmental attitudes was only significant in the group with high levels of consumer knowledge, whereas the group with high consumer knowledge levels had a more significant effect on purchasing behavior than those with low consumer knowledge. Conclusion: A higher biospheric value indicates stronger environmental attitudes; the stronger the environmental attitude, the higher the purchase behavior of the biodegradable wipes. In other words, biospheric value and environmental attitudes influence the purchase behavior of biodegradable wipes; however, egoistic and altruistic values do not significantly impact environmental attitudes. Furthermore, the higher the level of consumer knowledge, the stronger the positive effect of ecology on environmental attitudes. Thus, the purchase behavior of biodegradable wipes increased. Policymakers and companies can use this study’s results for marketing strategies to promote the purchase of biodegradable wipes.
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