조선시대 제주의 주변성과 의료

Abstract

In this paper, I argued that the formation of local literati was delayed due to the peripheral characteristics of Jeju-the natural environment of the island and the socio-cultural environment caused by lack of Neo-confucianism, which made it impossible for the local hospital to continue, which had been operated by voluntary participation of local literati in Jeju. Since early in the Joseon Dynasty, the government has not only dispatched doctors to Jeju to manage the medicinal herbs, but also trained medical students. In the 15th century, a local pharmacy[藥局] was established in the Jeju government office, which was maintained until the mid-16th century. At the end of the 17th century, Jeju Governor Yoon-gye worked with two local magistrates to raise funds for the operation of the local hospital[醫局] and open it. While the local pharmacy was a branch for offering local herbal medicine, the local hospital was responsible for trading medicines and manufacturing and supplying drugs for Jeju residents. As the local hospital that operated until the early 18th century were abolished after mid-18th century. The local literati gradually withdrew their hands when they were mobilized to operate the local hospital on a duty even if they were not when participated voluntarily. In the early 19th century, the new governor of Jeju attempted to rebuild the local hospital, but failed to achieve his goals. The local hospital in Jeju was most active in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, when enthusiastic provincial governors such as Lee Hyeong-sang and Yoon Gye, and doctor Jin Guk-tae were combined together. In particular, after thoroughly removing shamanism, provincial governors Lee Hyeong-sang planned to raise local literati as doctors to take charge of the operation of the local hospital. As soon as Lee Hyeong-sang left Jeju, the shaman’s exorcism resumed. The absence of Neo-confucianism and the slow formation of local literati meant lack of social capital, which became a fundamental factor that made it difficult for the continuation of local hospitals that had been operated on the basis of literati’s spontaneity.