콜롬비아의 지속가능한 평화구축 여정: 사회통합을 위한 평화협정 이행과 평화교육
Colombia’s Journey to Building Sustainable Peace: Implementation of Peace Agreement and Peace Education for Social Integration
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2022년 콜롬비아 역사상 최초로 좌파 대통령인 구스타보 페트로가 취임하였다. 페트로 대통령은 이전 정부의 평화 협정안 이행 지연을 비판하고 조속한 협정안 이행, ENL 및 FARC-EP 분파와의 평화 협상 추진, 지역사회의 실질적인 변화와 사회통합을 강조하는 ‘완전한 평화 정책’을 표방하였다. 이에 협정안의 충실한 이행과 더불어 장기적이고 지속적인 평화가 가능할 수 있도록 하는 사회통합과 평화교육에 대한 요구도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 요구는 현재까지의 협정안 이행 정도에 대한 평가와 한계를 면밀히 검토하고 콜롬비아 사회의 통합을 통한 지속가능한 평화를 구축할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이 무엇인지에 대한 고찰을 통해 부분적으로 설명될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 이 글은 2016년 평화 협정안의 내용, 이행 상황과 한계를 검토하고 사회통합을 위해 효과적인 방안 중 하나로 적극적인 평화교육이 필요성을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 2016년 평화협정 체결 과정과 협정안, 이행 정도와 이행의 한계를 검토하고 지속가능한 평화구축을 위한 평화교육의 역할을 살펴볼 것이다.
Abstract
In 2022, Gustavo Petro, the first leftist president in Colombian history, took office. President Petro criticized the previous government's delay in implementing the Peace Accords and advocated a "total peace policy" that emphasized the immediate implementation of the Accords, the promotion of peace negotiations with the ENL and FARC-EP factions, and substantive changes in the local community and social integration. Accordingly, in addition to the faithful implementation of the agreement, there is a growing demand for social integration and peace education that will allow for long-term and sustainable peace. This demand can be partially explained by evaluating the extent of the implementation of the agreement to date, carefully examining its limitations, and considering effective ways to build sustainable peace through the integration of Colombian society. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the content, implementation, and limitations of the 2016 Peace Agreement, and to propose the need for active peace education as one of the effective measures for social integration. For this purpose, the process of concluding the 2016 Peace Accords, the content of the Peace Accords, the degree of implementation, and the limits of implementation are reviewed, as well as the role of peace education in building sustainable peace.
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