淸代流放政策之變遷 -以流放地的選擇爲例的考察-
清代 流放政策의 변천 -流放地의 選擇을 例로 한 考察-
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Banishment had changed greatly and diversified from remote antiquity. Up to the Qing Dynasty, it had developed into a complex of penalties including regular exile(liu), penal migration (qianxi), military exile(chongjun) and frontier banishment (faqian or waiqian). The choice of the place of banishment experienced a continuously adjustive process. From exiled northeast in the early Qing dynasty, it had gradually formed a set of system that frontier regions coordinated with inland areas. The inland regular exile(liu) and military exile(chongjun) created table of destinations for exiles of regular exile (SanLiuDaolibiao) and table of destinations for exiles of military exile(WUJunDaolibiao), and made the banishment rigidly in the light of table of destinations for exiles (Daolibiao). As for the frontier banishment, it sent criminals to northeast Jilin, Heilongjiang and region in northwest Xinjiang. These measures combined with punishing the criminals to uncivilized inland areas(Yanzhangdifang), namely the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Guangxi, that formed an integrated banishment system. The system combined the practicability of banishment and the rationality of penalty principle, thus former principle of banishment partial to remote and far was changed.
Abstract
Banishment had changed greatly and diversified from remote antiquity. Up to the Qing Dynasty, it had developed into a complex of penalties including regular exile(liu), penal migration (qianxi), military exile(chongjun) and frontier banishment (faqian or waiqian). The choice of the place of banishment experienced a continuously adjustive process. From exiled northeast in the early Qing dynasty, it had gradually formed a set of system that frontier regions coordinated with inland areas. The inland regular exile(liu) and military exile(chongjun) created table of destinations for exiles of regular exile (SanLiuDaolibiao) and table of destinations for exiles of military exile(WUJunDaolibiao), and made the banishment rigidly in the light of table of destinations for exiles (Daolibiao). As for the frontier banishment, it sent criminals to northeast Jilin, Heilongjiang and region in northwest Xinjiang. These measures combined with punishing the criminals to uncivilized inland areas(Yanzhangdifang), namely the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Guangxi, that formed an integrated banishment system. The system combined the practicability of banishment and the rationality of penalty principle, thus former principle of banishment partial to remote and far was changed.
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