近代 山東 字號의경영 성격과 지역적 특성 - 章丘 孟家 ‘祥’字號 경영을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Meng family members were landlords and merchants who owned massive lands and ran shops by capital from land-rent profits in Zhangqiu district of Shandong province through Qing dynasty and modern period. They ran shops named with ‘Xiang’ in Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai. The shops named with ‘Xiang’ that Meng family ran were all over the trade area of open-port and accumulated gigantic fund in late Qing and early Republic of China. Thus Meng family members changed from landowner who owned massive lands into capitalist who owned capital in large quantities. The Meng family who ran the shops named with ‘Xiang’ had two local characteristics in general compared with the management character of the other traditional shops in those days. First, they were managing landowners based on land-rent and expanded business through accumulated fund from land exploitation, then they bought lands using profits from businessagain. Once they had massive capital and extended shops they ran, they changed from landlords into capitalists. Second, their business were affected by Confucius culture based on traditional local culture of Shandong. It was absolute that the Confucius culture of Qi-Lu area affected the management character of Shandong merchants. The Qi culture that was mercantilistic pragmatism and the Lu culture that was moral courtesy were upheld by Shandong merchants and affected their characteristic, life and management ideology. This cultural tradition was applied to the management method of the traditional shop, Ruifuxiang.