강간사건의 사실인정에 대한 양형인자와 편향요인의 효과: 피해자나이와 판단자성별
The effect of sentencing factor and juror's gender on verdict
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한국의 국민참여재판에서는 사실판단 절차와 양형 절차가 분리되지 않은바, 본 연구는 강간사건에서 양형을 위한 정보인 피해자 나이가 사실판단에 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 피해자비난과 피고인의 비난가능성이 피해자의 나이와 사실판단 사이의 관계를 매개하는지 분석하였다. 또한 판단자의 성별이 강간사건에 미치는 영향과 경로를 분석하였다. 참가자들에게 피해자의 나이가 16세 혹은 26세로 조작된 강간사건 시나리오를 제시한 뒤 피고인에 대한 유무죄판단, 양형, 피해자비난, 피고인의 비난가능성을 측정하였다. 유무죄판단에 대해 피해자 나이의 효과는 유의미하지 않았으나 판단자성별의 효과는 유의미했다. 남성 참가자들이 여성 참가자들보다 유죄판단을 적게 했으며, 이 효과를 피고인의 비난가능성이 매개하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Fact-finding of criminal trials in Korea is not procedurally separated from sentencing. Evidences and information on sentencing factors are together presented to the fact-finders. This study was to see whether and how the victim's age, a sentencing factor, would influence the decision of guilty. And also the effect of participant's gender was examined. Participants read one of two scenarios in which either a 16 or 26 years old female victim alleged the defendant for rape. They individually rendered the verdict and responded to questionnaire items designed to measure the extent to which the participant blamed the defendant and the victim for the sexual incident. The results showed that the verdict was not influenced by the victim's age; and blameworthiness of the defendant mediated the effect of the participant's gender on the verdict. Further implications of these findings were discussed.
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