南宋代 性理學的 死後世界觀의 형성

Abstract

Unlike the Northern Song reformers’(Xinfadang, 新法黨) state-centered approaches, the Daoxue literati(道學家) of the Southern Song argued an autonomous rule over the local community under the leadership of the Confucianism-oriented literati. The Daoxue literati extended their scope of reforms to the spiritual realms. Since they tried to cope with the overwhelming influence of the competitor religions like Buddhism on the lay people’s understandings of the afterlife, they built up the theory structure that explained the unseen world. Although they clearly denied the existence of the Ghosts as physical entities, they acknowledged the possibility of interaction with spiritual beings in exceptional cases and tried to explain them on the basis of the Li-Qi dualism(理氣論). Their contradictory descriptions on the spiritual beings were attributed to the needs for explanations of the subject of their prayers in the ancestral rites and a number of reference to the spiritual beings in the ancient Confucian scriptures, to which they assigned the absolute values. Consequently, the Southern Song Daoxue literati like Zhu Xi(朱熹) established the reasonable system of explanation of the spiritual worlds on the basis of the Li-Qi dualism. His explanation had had decisive affects on the later generations of the Daoxue literati all over East Asia since then.