한국 무악(巫樂)에 대한 음악인류학적 연구
Musical Anthropology of Korean Shaman Ritual Music
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Abstract
Korean shaman ritual is a "cultural performance" which exhibits the ways in which the cultural artifacts of tradition are organized and transmitted on particular occasions through specific media. It is, at the same time, a culturally constructed system of symbolic communication. Therefore, we could explore the deep structure of Korean culture through the investigation of the shaman ritual.In this paper, I examined the history of ethnomusicology in the West. I reviewed some ethnomusicological studies both by the native Korean musicologist and the foreign ethnomusicologist in order to seek the emic/etic views toward the shaman ritual music. It is Lee Bo-hyong whose contribution to the study of shaman ritual music cannot be compared by other musicologists. His intuition and countless field researches make it possible to establish four musical areas in Korea based on the characteristics of local shaman musics. Keith Howard and Mikyung Park, both trained in the West, dedicated themselves to find out the cultural and musical meanings of shaman ritual.I explored the musical context of Korean shaman ritual. The shaman utilizes some symbolic materials such as spiritual paintings and costumes that symbolizes descending deities during the ritual performance. Focusing on ritual activities and performances, the shaman ritual is presided over by singing and dancing. Music serves to intensify both religiosity and entertainment in the shaman ritual. In other words, the shaman ritual provides both efficacy and entertainment. The harmony of these two aspects during a ritual exhibits its dual nature as a solemn ritual and as a joyful festival. This ritualization of harmonization, providing efficacy and entertainment while combining the sacred and the profane, ritual and theater, and nature and human, is the fundamental in Korean shaman ritual.
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