서울굿의 연행방식 - 앉은굿과 선굿 -

Abstract

This paper deals with Seoul-gut (Korean shamanist rituals played in Seoul region, often with a physical or psychological healing effect), adopting performance-centered approach. Considering the performance elements of song, dance, music and play which constitute a gut, the researcher divided the performance method of Seoul-gut into sitting ritual (Anzon-gut) and standing ritual (Seon-gut). The performance method, which has been combined with linguistic expressions such as song and Gongsu (shaman’s possessed speech believed as messages from death), and musical expressions in terms of Jangdan (repeating rhythmic cycle) and behavioral expressions such as dance and ritual behavior, forms comprehensive art, which is a gut. The performance methods of sitting ritual and standing ritual are essential elements that maintain the regularity of Seoul-gut, and so, even under the present situation where Seoul-gut has been changing, these are the frames which are absolutely not to be changed. Seoul-gut is a Korean shamanist ritual on the basis of a standing ritual which has been known that the god or spirit which has been invoked delivers the messages from the dead, and at the same time, sitting ritual which includes the meaning of religious rituals is to be performed steadily. Therefore, these two shamanist rituals maintain good balance in Seoul-gut. In the past, the performers’ roles in the rituals were divided according to the performance method. That is to say, even though the shamanist ritual was originated from the region where Gangshinmu (destined shaman) plays the role of god or spirit in the rituals, meanwhile, however, there was a hereditary group, called Gidae, musicians who also participated in the rituals taking charge of a performance as in sitting ritual. However, this musician group had been vanished. At the present time, female shaman called Cheongsong Mansin who has prowess in performing the rituals takes full charge of sitting ritual. More than anything else, Seoul-gut is Korean shamanist ritual where active participation of the ritual organizer (called Jaegajip) who has invited the shaman and is overall responsible for the ritual is greatly required. Sitting ritual does not require Jaegajip to participate in the rituals, in the meantime, however, in standing-gut, there are some roles which should be performed by Jaegajip at each shaman song performed during the rituals except Dwitjeon (exorcism of hungry ghosts, evil spirits, and demons from the ritual area). In Seoul-gut, the role of Jaegajip has penetrated into the procedures of the shamanist rituals deeper than any other regions. Having adapted to the changes of time, some part of Seoul-gut has been reduced in size, and some performance has been skipped completely. Nevertheless it keeps a system that is absolutely not to change, while featuring diversified kinds and modes of performance. This system is the energy to maintain regularity of Seoul-gut, and the performance method of both sitting-gut and standing-gut truly make contribution to form such regularity.