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심리적 거리가 범죄관련 의사결정에 미치는 영향

How psychological distance affects decision-making regarding criminal events

안재경|최이문
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2023.07|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제14권 제2호|pp. 89-112|DOI 10.53302/kjfp.2023.07.14.2.89

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의사결정위험인식risk perception심리적 거리Psychological distance해석수준이론생활안전실태조사Construal Level Theorysurvey on the state of public safetyDecision making

초록

본 연구는 Trope과 Liberman(2010)의 심리적 거리 개념을 활용해 범죄관련 의사결정과 위험인식에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구결과 공간적 거리의 시나리오에서 통계적으로 유의미한 결과들이 도출되었다. 가까운 공간적 거리보다는 먼 공간적 거리 조건에서 판단에 필요한 정보의 양이 충분하고, 제공된 정보를 기반으로 혐의에 대한 판단이 가능하며, 양형기준을 강화해야한다는 경향이 높았다. 이를 통해, 공간적 거리 조건의 시나리오에서 범죄관련 정보의 제시방식에 따른 개인이 의사결정이 달라질 수 있음을 실증하였다. 한편 심리적으로 가까운 공간적 정보들은 높은 수준의 위험인식을, 심리적으로 먼 공간적 정보들은 낮은 수준의 위험인식을 구성하였다. 구체적으로, 남성이 여성에 비해 범죄의 발생가능성을 높게, 그로 인한 피해의 심각성을 중히 여기는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전통적으로 여성이 남성에 비해 대부분의 범죄피해를 더 두려워하는 것으로 보고되는 선행연구의 결과들과는 상반되는 결과이다. 이러한 연구결과는 기존 범죄두려움과 위험인식 연구의 주요 예측변인으로 빈번히 고려되었던 성별이라는 인구통계학적 정보보다 범죄사건에 대해 개인이 느끼는 심리적 근접성이 보다 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구를 통해 범죄현상에 대한 개인의 심리적 거리의 수준이 범죄라는 현상에 대한 위험인식을 보다 정확히 측정할 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 증명하였다.

Abstract

This study examined the influence of psychological distance, based on the concept proposed by Trope and Liberman (2010), on crime-related decision-making and risk perception. The research findings yielded statistically significant results in scenarios involving spatial distance. In conditions of psychologically distant condition, compared to closer spatial distance, there was a higher sufficiency of information for judgment, the ability to make judgments based on the provided information, and a tendency to strengthen sentencing criteria. Thus, this study empirically demonstrated that individuals’ decision-making could vary depending on how crime-related information is presented in scenarios involving spatial distance. Furthermore, psychologically closer spatial information constituted a higher level of risk perception, whereas psychologically distant spatial information constituted a lower level of risk perception. Specifically, it was found that men, compared to women, perceived a higher likelihood of crime occurrence and greater seriousness to the resulting harm. This finding contradicts the results of previous studies that reported women to be more fearful of crime victimization compared to men. These research results suggest that the psychological proximity individuals feel towards crime events may have a greater influence than demographic information such as gender, which has frequently been considered a significant predictor in traditional research on fear of crime and risk perception. Through this study, it was demonstrated that the level of individuals’ psychological distance towards crime phenomena has the potential to more accurately measure risk perception regarding crime events. This highlights the importance of considering psychological proximity when assessing individuals’ perception of risk associated with crime.

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