제주 무속신화에 나타난 이중의 외부성과 젠더의 얽힘

Abstract

The two imported cultures and gender are the two keywords that open the mythology of Jeju-island. Songdang-bonpuri, the root of Jeju mythology has god Sochunguk and goddess Backjutto as a couple. Sochunguk is a native hunting god and Backjutto is an imported agricultural goddess. Backjutto is superior to Sochunguk in the action pattern. This states that the nature of Jeju mythology is to place the outsider at a higher position. But, an outsider other than Backjutto appears in Sehwadang-bonpuri. The outsider, Kemsang who was born in Hanyang(capital city) has an image of a rebel. He came to Jeju-island for shelter. Like this, the mythology of Jeju island got two imported cultures; agriculture and military. However, more important matter is the tie-up of these two cultures and the gender. Backjutto and Sochunguk have equal status in their marriage. Sometimes Backjutto is rather superior. But the marriage of Backjutto and Kemsang is completely different. Backjutto of Sehwadang-bonpuri that belongs to Songdang-bonpuri lineage rejects Sochunguk, who eats meat. But, she adjusts her like and dislikes accepting Kemsang, who eats meat. This course of acceptance is the process of genderization of Backjutto. The shift of women domination to men dominated culture in Dang-god(堂神) led to the transformation of Backjutto. The characteristics of Jeju mythology is that it shows the men-women relation in state society, non-state society and in the cultures of military and agriculture.