知识分子与精英文艺场域的重塑 ——对1980年代中国文艺思潮的一个考察
Intellectuals and the Rebuilding of Elite Literary Field —— An Investigation of the Trend of Thought of Chinese Literature in the 1980s
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知识精英是1980年代中国文艺场域中的主导性力量，他们从政治、艺术与文化三个角度出发构建着八十年代前半期的精英文艺场域。政治性精英在“文革”之后首先登场，以对政治的关切和对历史的反思而在文艺场域引发反阶级政治的讨论。随着西方现代文艺作品与人文思潮的涌入，文艺场域开始出现立足艺术本位而探索新潮、执着先锋的艺术性精英。如果说政治性精英彰显着“新启蒙主义”的倾向，那么艺术性精英则体现着“新浪漫主义”的特质。当改革开放日益深化, “文化热”以及文艺场域中的文化“寻根”逐渐兴起，一群在全球化语境中关注文化、表达沉思的文化性精英持续发挥影响。怀揣启蒙冲动的政治性精英、深受现代诱惑的艺术性精英与追求精神寻根的文化性精英均处于1980年代社会文化的中心地带。从九十年代以来由市场经济以及消费主义所主导的社会现实来看，这些文艺场域的精英及其探索留下了一道难以复现的文化/文艺轨迹
Abstract
The intellectual elite is the dominant force in the field of Chinese literature in the 1980s. Intellectual elites constructed the field of elite Literature in the first half of the 1980s from three perspectives of politics, art and culture. After the “Cultural Revolution”, political elites first appeared to arouse anti-class politics discussions in the literary field with concern for politics and reflection on history. With the influx of modern western literary and artistic works and humanistic trends of thought, the literary field began to emerge artistic elites who are based on the art standard to explore new trends and persist in avant-garde. If the political elite shows the tendency of neo-enlightenment, the artistic elite embodies the characteristics of neo-romanticism. With the deepening of Reform and Opening-up, the “cultural fever” and the “root-seeking” of culture in the literary field are gradually rising, and a group of cultural elites who pay attention to culture and express meditation in the context of globalization continue to exert their influence. The political elite with the impulse of enlightenment, the artistic elite with the temptation of modernity and the cultural elite with the pursuit of spiritual roots are all in the center of social culture in the 1980s. From the social reality dominated by market economy and consumerism since the 1990s, the elites in the literary field and their explorations have left a cultural / literary track that is difficult to reproduce.