全球南方自由贸易区的 产业结构升级效用: 作用路径、潜在风险与中国方案
The Role of Free Trade Zone in Industrial Structure Upgrading in Global South: Mechanism, Risks and China’s Solutions
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作为推动高质量发展的制度创新，自贸区能否促进产业结构不断升级以 刺激经济发展是各国普遍关注的问题。虽有发达国家的经验在前，但以发展中国家 为代表的全球南方面临着更大的挑战，自贸区经济作用的异质性也成为一个被部分 学者关注但还未深入讨论的前沿话题。本文从集聚经济的角度入手，认为自贸区的 产业结构升级效应主要是通过马歇尔外部性、雅各布斯外部性以及波特外部性三种 路径实现的。自贸区的产业结构升级效应在发展中国家同样存在，但存在滞后性、 阶段性和异质性的风险。发展中国家自贸区产业结构升级效应的可持续性障碍来自 基础设施条件、对外开放水平与研发投入水平。中国既有全球南方的共性，也有自 身特性，应当注意突破障碍，促进产业结构持续升级。
Abstract
As an institutional innovation for further expanding Opening Up, whether the free trade zone can promote the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure to stimulate economic development is an issue of general concern to all countries. Although there has been the experience of developed countries before, the developing countries are facing greater challenges. Thus, the heterogeneity of the economic role of the free trade area has become a research interest which has not yet been studied deeply for some scholars. Starting from the perspective of agglomeration economy, this article believes that the industrial structure upgrading effect of the free trade zone is mainly realized through three mechanisms: Marshall externality, Jacobs externality and Porter externality. The industrial structure upgrading effect also exists in developing countries, but it shows lagging, phased and heterogeneous characteristics. Combining the cases of the Manaus Free Trade Zone and the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, the study found that compared with developed countries, obstacles to the continuous industrial structure upgrading effect of the developing countries’ free trade zones are the infrastructure conditions, the level of economic openness and R&D investment. China has not only the commonalities of developing countries, but also its own characteristics. The construction of a free trade zone to promote the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure is a long-term work, but it can be expected in the future.
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