Triple Helix of University–Industry-Government Relations in Biotechnology Cluster: the case of Singapore
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This paper is a theoretically grounded empirical study aimed at shedding light on the Triple Helixof University-Industry-Government (U-I-G) relations in biotechnology cluster of Singapore. It questions theissue about the gap between theoretical consideration of the Triple Helix of U-I-G relations and the actualreality in biotechnology cluster, and the experience of Singapore was investigated. In terms of evolutionaryperspective, biotechnology cluster in Singapore has gone through ongoing processes from a certain stage toother, and within the processes the Triple Helix nexus has been found. Analysis of the empirical study reveals significant findings: first, the government policies play a critical rolein the operation of U-I-G relations rather than universities; second, therefore, the binding force of U-I-Grelationships is based on the government policies being comprehensive including researchers immigration,student scholarship for local students, and tax and non-tax incentives for firms, rather than focusing on atargeted policy; third, the role of government starts from an initial stage, and it’s role is ongoing processes bysupporting infrastructure, human sources and continuous nourishment enabling the triple helix of U-I-Grelations.
Abstract
This paper is a theoretically grounded empirical study aimed at shedding light on the Triple Helixof University-Industry-Government (U-I-G) relations in biotechnology cluster of Singapore. It questions theissue about the gap between theoretical consideration of the Triple Helix of U-I-G relations and the actualreality in biotechnology cluster, and the experience of Singapore was investigated. In terms of evolutionaryperspective, biotechnology cluster in Singapore has gone through ongoing processes from a certain stage toother, and within the processes the Triple Helix nexus has been found. Analysis of the empirical study reveals significant findings: first, the government policies play a critical rolein the operation of U-I-G relations rather than universities; second, therefore, the binding force of U-I-Grelationships is based on the government policies being comprehensive including researchers immigration,student scholarship for local students, and tax and non-tax incentives for firms, rather than focusing on atargeted policy; third, the role of government starts from an initial stage, and it’s role is ongoing processes bysupporting infrastructure, human sources and continuous nourishment enabling the triple helix of U-I-Grelations.
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