사이코드라마에서 주인공의 저항과정에 대한 분석
An Analysis of Process of Protagonist's Resistance in Psychodrama
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본 연구에서는 사이코드라마에서 저항이 나타나는 순간을 포착하고 저항 전에 어떤 일이 일어나며 저항 후 어떻게 극복되어지는가에 대한 과정을 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 사이코드라마 교육과정에 참여한 일반인 13명으로 비디오 촬영한 자료를 담화분석하였다. 주인공 저항 판단 기준 7가지를 제작하여 이 기준에 따라서 53개의 저항 순간을 포착하였고, 저항 순간 5분 전과 10분 후를 내용 분석하였다. 그 결과, 저항은 주인공에 따라서 나타나는 횟수와 각 항목별로 나타나는 횟수가 다양하였다. 저항 전에 일어난 현상으로 주인공이 공격, 비난당하거나 놀림 받는 경우와, 먼 과거나 어린 시절의 사건이 나타난 경우에 저항이 많이 나타남을 볼 수 있었으며 디렉터의 저항도 중요한 현상이었다. 저항 극복과 관련하여서는 행위가 피상적이고 표정이나 감정의 변화가 없는 반응을 보이는 저항의 형태는 모두 극복되지 않았으며 처음 나온 저항을 극복하는 것이 이후 저항 극복 여부와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 디렉터가 저항을 극복하기 위해 사용한 기법 중 가장 많이 사용된 기법은 변환과 직면으로 이는 성공률도 높았으며 반면 교육의 기법은 가장 작게 사용되었으며 극복률도 가장 낮았다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to catch the moment of resistance in psychodrama and know what happen before resistance, and understand the process of overcoming resistance. The number of subjects was 13 who participated in the educational course of psychodrama for 50 hours. They all experienced psychodrama as a protagonist. The whole processes were video taped for the qualitative analysis and conversation analysis. So, totally 53 moments of resistance were noticed by 7-items of estimative criterion of resistance. In addition, whole content and process, which cover 5 minutes before resistance and 10 minutes after resistance, were transcribed and analysed. The result and conclusion of this study are as follows :First, the number of moment of resistance was very diverse according to protagonist and to the item of resistance. The most frequent items of resistance were the difficulty of emotional expression, avoidance and denial of enactment and psychodramatic technique, and avoidance of scene selection. The total number of resistance increased when the resistance against director and psychodrama increased. Second, as a phenomenon before resistance, more resistances occurred when protagonist was criticized, teased or shown an event of a far past or childhood. Also, the resistance of director would cause that of protagonist. Third, all protagonist, except one who showed no resistance, failed to overcome resistance more than once. Especially, two protagonists failed totally to get over the resistances. Also, for those who could overcome the first resistance, they also overcame last resistance. But for those who failed to overcome the last resistance, they could not overcome the whole resistances. Forth, the director's techniques of overcoming resistance were divided into 5 items as transformation, confrontation, supporting, pause of scene and education. Among those items, transformation and confrontation were most frequently used and they were very successful. Education was least used and least achievable.
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