원격근무 환경에서 원격 현장감이 팀과정 관련 성과에 미치는 영향: 집단적 잡크래프팅의 조절효과 및 조직적 고립의 매개효과의 탐구
Effects of Telepresence on Team-Process-Related Performance in Telecommuting: The Moderated Mediating Role of Collective Job Crafting and the Mediating Role of Professional Isolation
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코로나19로 원격근무가 다시 이슈화되면서 원격근무가 팀성과에 미치는 효과에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 원격근무시의 현장감이 팀의 과정과 관련한 성과(이하 팀과정 관련 성과)에 미치는 영향을 탐구하고자 하였다. 특히 조직적 고립감이 원격근무의 현장감이 팀과정 성과에 미치는 영향을 매개할 것으로 보았다. 원격근무 현장감이 조직적 고립감을 줄이는 효과는 팀수준에서의 적극적인 직무재설계를 통해서 더 극대화될 수 있다. 따라서, 집단적 잡크래프팅을 조절 변수로 도입하여 최종 모형을 구축하였다. 본 연구는 중국 21개 회사의 73개 팀에서 655명의 직원으로 구성된 데이터 샘플에 대하여 가설들을 검증하였다. 분석방법으로 SPSS 와 HLM을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원격 현장감이 강할 때 팀과정 관련 성과도 올라가는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 원격 현장감은 직원들의 조직적 고립을 줄이고, 낮아진 조직적 고립감은 팀과정 관련 성과에 미치는 부(-)의 효과를 떨어뜨리는 매개효과가 검증되었다. 셋째, 집단적 잡크래프팅은 원격 현장감이 직원들의 조직적 고립감을 줄이는 경향을 강화하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 기업들이 원격근무를 도입할 경우 원격근무의 현장감을 높이려는 노력을 해야하며, 집단적 잡크래프팅을 통해서 원격근무 현장감의 장점을 살릴 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has reignited interest in the effects of telework on team performance. This study investigates the impact of telepresence on team-process-related performance, particularly the mediating role of professional isolation. We propose that team-level proactive collective job crafting can maximize the effect of telepresence in reducing professional isolation. To test our hypotheses, we collected data from 655 employees in 73 teams from 21 companies in China. We analyzed the data using SPSS and HLM. Our findings reveal that (1) telepresence is positively associated with team-process-related performance, (2) telepresence reduces employee professional isolation, and the professional isolation mediates the negative effect of telepresence on team-process-related performance, and (3) collective job crafting strengthens the tendency of telepresence to reduce employee professional isolation. These findings suggest that companies should seek to enhance telepresence when implementing telework arrangements and leverage collective job crafting to maximize the benefits of telepresence.
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