A Corpus-based Study of the Grammaticalization of ‘Take’ into Instrumental, Sequential, and Causal Markers in Korean
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Developments from ‘take’ into instrumental (Matsumoto 1998), from instrumental to clausal connectives (Genetti 1991), and from comitative to instrumental (Lakoff and Johnson 1980) are cross-linguistically common, and previous studies all invoked metaphoric explanations, such as localism and image-schemata. Using diachronic corpus data, this study investigates the grammaticalization of the Korean kaciko ‘take,’ which followed these common patterns of development. This study demonstrates that the instrumental and connective functions emerged by semanticization of pragmatic inference in local discourse contexts, in which ‘take’ is followed by verbs of locomotion and construed as accompanitive/comitative ‘with.’ This article reiterates the importance of usage-based factors such as frequency and discourse context in the emergence of grammar.
Abstract
Developments from ‘take’ into instrumental (Matsumoto 1998), from instrumental to clausal connectives (Genetti 1991), and from comitative to instrumental (Lakoff and Johnson 1980) are cross-linguistically common, and previous studies all invoked metaphoric explanations, such as localism and image-schemata. Using diachronic corpus data, this study investigates the grammaticalization of the Korean kaciko ‘take,’ which followed these common patterns of development. This study demonstrates that the instrumental and connective functions emerged by semanticization of pragmatic inference in local discourse contexts, in which ‘take’ is followed by verbs of locomotion and construed as accompanitive/comitative ‘with.’ This article reiterates the importance of usage-based factors such as frequency and discourse context in the emergence of grammar.
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