From Light Nouns to Grammatical Markers in English An Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Second Language Acquisition
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This paper investigates the grammatical evolution of the English lexical nouns side and stead from a grammaticalization perspective. English is a dynamic language to exhibit the development of a variety of lexical nouns into grammatical markers (cf. Heine 1997, Svorou 1994). Among many others, some of the forms such as side and stead, which are derived from relational nouns, constitute an intriguing category in that they show peculiar semantic-functional extension patterns. As full-fledged nouns, the items show diverse semantic-functional characteristics in Present-day English as lexical nouns, defective/light nouns, adverbs, and prepositions. In particular, these items functioning as fully lexical nouns and denoting body part or relational concept have become stance markers, more especially, markers representing the pragmatic discourse marking functions. Considering the diversity of each single form as result of the historical pragmatic and cognitive activities, this paper focuses on the grammaticalization process that is largely enabled by the conceptual mechanisms along the image schema (Heine, Claudi, & Hünnemeyer 1991), and also presents an explication of how discourse marking functions are emerged from relational concepts based on the cognitive forces that operate in language use. Finally, this paper illustrates what is an ideal method to learn such versatile markers that have functional-semantic diversity, suggesting the cognitive-oriented model grounded in a grammaticalization theory as one of the most efficient models for language learners.
Abstract
This paper investigates the grammatical evolution of the English lexical nouns side and stead from a grammaticalization perspective. English is a dynamic language to exhibit the development of a variety of lexical nouns into grammatical markers (cf. Heine 1997, Svorou 1994). Among many others, some of the forms such as side and stead, which are derived from relational nouns, constitute an intriguing category in that they show peculiar semantic-functional extension patterns. As full-fledged nouns, the items show diverse semantic-functional characteristics in Present-day English as lexical nouns, defective/light nouns, adverbs, and prepositions. In particular, these items functioning as fully lexical nouns and denoting body part or relational concept have become stance markers, more especially, markers representing the pragmatic discourse marking functions. Considering the diversity of each single form as result of the historical pragmatic and cognitive activities, this paper focuses on the grammaticalization process that is largely enabled by the conceptual mechanisms along the image schema (Heine, Claudi, & Hünnemeyer 1991), and also presents an explication of how discourse marking functions are emerged from relational concepts based on the cognitive forces that operate in language use. Finally, this paper illustrates what is an ideal method to learn such versatile markers that have functional-semantic diversity, suggesting the cognitive-oriented model grounded in a grammaticalization theory as one of the most efficient models for language learners.
참고문헌 (28)
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