존 드라이든의 비평 '극시론'에 나타난 대화적 구조
The Dialogic Structure of John Dryden's An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
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Abstract
John Dryden (1613-1700) is considered as "the father of English Criticism". This essay aims to discuss Dryden's dialogic structure of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy (1688) for the new history of English criticism. An Essay cast in the form of dialogue is considered as Dryden's most important piece of literary criticism. Dryden's dominant method was inquiry rather than dogmatism, and his characteristic literary form was dialogue. Dryden's employment of the dialogue as a medium of inquiry of skeptical examination should be understood in this context. Dryden did not want to commit the fallacy of emphasis. In other words, he did not emphasize the truth too strongly. He just compared one with the other. In this sense, he is a comparatist or relativist. He just contrasts positions and opinions among themselves. He avoids extremes. He did not favor one side at the expense of the other. Thus it seems that Dryden's reconciling imagination is not just static middle ground but dynamic and dialogical vision between different and opposing values: the dialogical imagination is the fundamental and characteristic aspect of Dryden's way of thought and attitude in his literary criticism. In An Essay Dryden slowly leads us into the subject matter. The essay is presented as an exchange of opinions between four sophisticated gentlemen who are spending one summer's day on the Thames. These four gentlemen dispute at length the major literary concerns of the age, the Ancients and Moderns controversy, the comparative merits of French and English drama, and the use of blank verse and rhyme in tragedy. What is the gist of Dryden's critical performance? It is dialogic imagination. Dryden's dialogism comes from his ability to hold the opposites and in consistences together. His dialogism is based on his tentative, skeptical approach, concreteness, flexibility and moderation.
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