타자를 향한 번역- 에즈라 파운드의 『중국』과 중국시 영역(英譯)
Translating Translations- A Comparative Study on (Un)Tensed Timein Ezra Pound’s Cathay and Others
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper argues that Ezra Pound’s translation of Chinese poetry, Cathay, demonstrates his attempt to foreground the otherness of the Chinese original through the defamiliarization of English. Translations prior to his time had a tendency of being inattentive to the distinctive features of Chinese poetry by assimilating them into the conventions of English poetry. Yet Pound departs from this Anglocentric conversion and takes a centrifugal attitude toward the cultural and linguistic otherness of the original. Untensed time is focused as a distinguished aspect of Chinese poetry, which is caused by the absence of tense inflection in Chinese, an uninflected language. It is considered a different expression of time which makes no explicit distinction between past, present and future tenses. This untensed time looks rather dormant since there are only present tensed verbs ― or, precisely, their original forms ― at a glance, but at the same time it implies changing time, as dynamic as tensed one, even with no use of grammatical alterations. In regard to time and tense, this study points out that Pound reproduces this other time in English, an inflected language, through the restrictive use of tensed verbs and the inventive replacement of tensed time. As a result, his translated poem embodies the relatively static surface of untensed time, which is set against the turbulence of temporal transition as if it were such irreversible tensed time. This paper analyzes Pound’s translation in comparison with the original text recorded in Fenollosa’s note, as well as with the other English translation of Chinese poetry, and this is an attempt to ‘translate translations.’ The aim of this comparative study is to illuminate the way in which Pound sets forth a significant translation to mark an important turning point in the history of Chinese translation.
Abstract
This paper argues that Ezra Pound’s translation of Chinese poetry, Cathay, demonstrates his attempt to foreground the otherness of the Chinese original through the defamiliarization of English. Translations prior to his time had a tendency of being inattentive to the distinctive features of Chinese poetry by assimilating them into the conventions of English poetry. Yet Pound departs from this Anglocentric conversion and takes a centrifugal attitude toward the cultural and linguistic otherness of the original. Untensed time is focused as a distinguished aspect of Chinese poetry, which is caused by the absence of tense inflection in Chinese, an uninflected language. It is considered a different expression of time which makes no explicit distinction between past, present and future tenses. This untensed time looks rather dormant since there are only present tensed verbs ― or, precisely, their original forms ― at a glance, but at the same time it implies changing time, as dynamic as tensed one, even with no use of grammatical alterations. In regard to time and tense, this study points out that Pound reproduces this other time in English, an inflected language, through the restrictive use of tensed verbs and the inventive replacement of tensed time. As a result, his translated poem embodies the relatively static surface of untensed time, which is set against the turbulence of temporal transition as if it were such irreversible tensed time. This paper analyzes Pound’s translation in comparison with the original text recorded in Fenollosa’s note, as well as with the other English translation of Chinese poetry, and this is an attempt to ‘translate translations.’ The aim of this comparative study is to illuminate the way in which Pound sets forth a significant translation to mark an important turning point in the history of Chinese translation.
참고문헌 (28)
- 김준환, "영미 모더니즘에 나타난 “타자의 정치학”: T. S. 엘리엇과 에즈라 파운드", 비평과 이론, 5(1봄, pp.여름) (2000), 37~79
- 이상진, "시경: 옛날 민중들의 가요" (1994), 자유문고
- Benjamin, Walter, "Illuminations, Ed. Hannah Arendt" (1969), Schocken
- Fenollosa, Ernest, "The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry, The Poetics of the New American Poetry", pp.13~35 (1973), Grove Press
- Giles, Herbert A., "A History of English Literature" (1901), W. Heinemann
- Kern, Robert, "Orientalism, Modernism, and the American Poem" (1996), Cambridge UP
- Kodama, Sanehide, "American Poetry and Japanese Culture" (1984), Archon Books
- Le Poidevin, Robin, "The Philosophy of Time" (1993), Oxford UP
- Legge, James, "The Chinese Classics, Vol Ⅳ The She King" (1972), 文史哲出版社
- "Time, Space, and Self in Chinese Poetry", Chinese Literature, 1(2), pp.137~156 (1979)
- McTaggart, J. M. E., "The Unreality of Time.The Philosophy of Time", pp.23~34 (1993), Oxford UP
- Pound, Ezra, "ABC of Reading" (1987), New Directions
- Pound, Ezra, "Cathay" (1915), Elkin Mathews
- Pound, Ezra, "Chinese Poetry", To-day 3, 54(57), pp.93~95 (1918)
- Pound,Ezra, "Personae" (1926), New Directions
- Pound, Ezra, "The Cantos" (1975), Faber and Faber
- Pound, Ezra, "The Literary Essays of Ezra Pound" (1954), Faber and Faber
- Pound, Ezra, "Hugh Kenner" (1970), Faber and Faber
- Qian, Zhaoming, "Orientalism and Modernism" (1995), Duke UP
- Raffel, Burton, "Translation Theory.The Ezra Pound Encyclopedia", pp.292~94 (2005)
- Scovel, Thomas, "Getting Tense in English: A Linguistic for Our Time", TESOL Quarterly, 5(4), pp.301~7 (1971)
- Spears,Monroe K., "Monroe K. Dionysus and the City" (1970), Oxford UP
- Stock, Noel, "Poet in Exile" (1964), Manchester UP
- Teele, Roy Earl, "Through a Glass Darkly: A Study of English Translations of Chinese Poetry" (1949), N. P.
- Tryphonopoulos, Demetres P., "The Ezra Pound Encyclopedia" (2005), Greenwood
- Xie, Ming, "Ezra Pound and the Appropriation of Chinese Poetry: Cathay, Translation, and Imagism" (1999), Garland
- Yip, Wai-lim, "Ezra Pound’s Cathay" (1969), Princeton UP
- Yu, Beongcheon, "The Great Circle" (1983), Wayne State UP