문학과 법의학: 『지킬 박사와 하이드』를 법의학적 관점에서 읽기
Literature and Forensic Science: A Reading of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from a Forensic Point of View
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본고는 로버트 루이스 스티븐슨의 『지킬 박사와 하이드』를 현대 법의학적 수사의 개념을 이용하여 분석하고 있다. 소설에서 어터슨은 여러 분야의 지식을 활용하여 모은 증거를 바탕으로 지킬과 하이드의 관계를 파악하고 범죄자의 정체를 알아내려고 한다. 전반적으로 진화론과 범죄학이 본 소설 속에 드러난 지킬 범죄에 적용되는 기본 이론일 수 있지만 어터슨은 그 밖의 다양한 관점에서 지킬의 정체 규명을 위한 수사를 진행해 나간다. 첫째, 유전학과 골상학으로부터 하이드가 지킬의 아들인가에 대한 질문을 제기한다. 둘째, 지킬이 하이드를 불법적으로 후원하는 이유를 19세기 당시의 동성애와 남창 관련법 기반 하에 파헤치고 있다. 셋째, 지킬의 “변신”의 원인을 그가 제조한 약물의 성분에 기인하는 것일 수 있다는 논리적 추론을 시도한다. 넷째, 필적학의 도움을 통해 편지와 그 필체의 주인이 누구인지 추정해 나간다. 마지막으로, 범죄 현장에서 발견된 물건을 통해 과거 지킬의 심리적인 상태를 확인하고 그와 하이드와의 관계성을 우회적으로 제시하고 있다. 이처럼 어터슨이 본 사건에 있어서의 수사 과정을 단순히 변호사로서가 아닌 법의학적 탐구자로서 진행한 것으로 해석할 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde using the minimum concepts of modern forensic science. In the novel, Utterson applies several different fields of knowledge during his quest to determine the relationship between Jekyll and Hyde and to identify crimes. The question of whether Jekyll and Hyde are indeed the same person is also debatable based on the evidence collected in the novel. While the evolution theory and criminology are considered to be a common theme throughout the novel, Utterson carries out the forensic investigation from several perspectives. First, from views of genetics and human phrenology, Hyde’s possibility of being kin to Jekyll is brought up. Next, regarding the laws of homosexuality and male prostitution of the nineteenth century, the suspicion of Jekyll sponsoring Hyde illegally is also considered. Moreover, scientific analysis of the drug Jekyll developed allows speculation of the components that could have triggered his “transformation.” In addition, letters play a large role in this novel and the identity of the writer of the letters is deduced with the help of graphology. Last but not least, Utterson’s reminiscence of Jekyll’s past is linked with Jekyll’s final statement at the final chapter of the novel, and connected through items found in the crime scene. It could be analyzed that Mr. Utterson has taken all these steps of investigation into this strange case not simply as a lawyer, but as a forensic investigator.
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