1748년 조선의 통신사와 동아시아의 지식 유통 양상 - 일본 학파에 따른 교류 양상을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study observes Chosŏn-Japanese exchange as a whole in the lens of relatively less studied poetry and written conversation collections between Confucian scholars than those of physicians. It examines how exchanges occurred between Chosŏns and Japanese literati based on their schools of thought in order to see how knowledge circulated between the interactions of the two countries. Thirty such collections exist aside from those of medical theories between physicians. Included in these collections are writings from the Hayashi Clan rectors, Yamazaki Ansai of the Kimon School, Itō Jinsai of the Kogigaku School, and Ogyū Sorai of the Kenen School, the leading Japanese scholars of Classical Chinese at the time. The interactions of these scholars with Koreans also differed based on the tendencies of their respective schools. The fact that scholars of the Kimon School followed the Cheng-Zhu School and sought to ban heterodoxy created a common bond with Chosŏn literati. The Kimon scholars were highly interested in Korean Confucian texts as they were influenced by Yi Toegye, and had the most lively written conversations with them. Such conversation and poetry collections were a form of circulating knowledge that showed the scholarship of the Kimon school. Although Chosŏn literati were most wary of the Kogigaku school, in the end they did not take a hostile or oppositional stance towards them. However, they continued to investigate the school’s teachings, collecting Jinsai’s works and circulating them within Chosŏn. The most flourishing school at the time, the Kenen school, sought to have Sorai as highly regarded as Ansai by the Chosŏn literati, as the latter’s recognition was valued within Japan. Although they did not push their own opinions in light of the fact that Chosŏns recognized only the Cheng-zhu school, they used bombastic expressions in the written conversation collections to display their superiority. They also gave Sorai’s works to Chosŏn literati in order to show off, which were then circulated within Chosŏn. Interactions between the two countries and knowledge circulation were carried out through texts and writing rather than face-to-face conversations. Written conversations and poetry exchanges were not only opportunities for the Chosŏn embassies to discover new texts but were also a form of knowledge that circulated within Japan.