澤堂 李植의 格物詩 硏究

Abstract

Taekdang(澤堂) Lee-sik(李植)(1584~1647) is well known as a figure who is in the center of Hanmunhak(Chinese literature as a part of Korean literature) at that time as a literary man in the middle years of Joseon. His poetry is expressed the world view, which was formed on the basis of Sung Confucianistic(性理學的) thinking system, in diverse forms. The purpose of this study is to discuss about Gyeokmulsi(格物詩) as one plan for closely examining realities of his Chinese poetry. Taekdang tried to thoroughly devise its principle by advancing to Mul(物) and to reach Ji(知:knowledge) in the devoted virtue, through inheriting a theory of Jeongi(程頤) and Juja(朱子), who analyzed ‘Gyeokmul(格物:study of things and nature) as Gungri(窮理:study of the laws of nature)’ and ‘Gyeokmul(格物) as a method of Chiji(致知:gaining knowledge).’ Thus, it allowed specific object to be embodied, but tried to closely explore on Confucian speculation without finishing with it. Here can be examined Gyeokmulsi, which engaged with ethical self-culture. His Gyeokmulsi is based on moral training called the Chehyeon(體現:physical embodiment) in morality, thereby being what appeared in the middle of an effort to reflect the inside and to continuously complete oneself. This is directly what ‘preserves natural law and removes stooping to conquer’ by ‘Jeukmulgungri(卽物窮理).’ In other words, there was an attempt to act according to the present position without worrying about what other person doesn’t recognize oneself, and to proceed with living without desiring other things, through the image of a chrysanthemum, which has fidelity and constancy. And, through a duck and a cicada, there was an attempt to continuously examine reality that oneself faced, to be on the alert for being confused in oneself, and to practice being prudent while keeping control over oneself. Through this, it aimed to complete Ji(知:knowledge) in moral nature. Furthermore, Taekdang showed Confucian speculation as a ruler who hopes old morality to be recovered, thereby leading to the people’s education and to civilization of newly emerging. He not only spoke out a sorry for reality in which the ideal of politics fails to be realized, but also expected the advent of a giraffe. That is what hoped a benevolent and virtuous king to allow the people to well live comfortably while being loyal to own given mission, and to light up a saint’s morality once again. And, he desired the advent of a phoenix. That is what hoped a gracious king to educate the people, thereby leading to the advent of peaceful period. This is just what aims to realize Ji in morality through Chiin(治人). As Taekdang’s Gyeokmulsi is Chinese poetry in which his Sung Confucianistic(性理學的) thinking system is immanent, a research on his Gyeokmulsi is thought to be likely to be conducive to closely examining realities of Jaedomunhak(載道文學), which had dominated Joseon period.