빅토리아 시대 위생담론과 여성: 『위생 보고서』, 『어려운 시절』, 『매리 바튼』
Victorian Sanitary Discourse and Woman: Sanitary Report, Hard Times and Mary Barton
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This article examines how working-class female subject position is constructed and represented in Chadwick’s Sanitary Report, Hard Times, and Mary Barton. Chadwick’s explanation of the life of the poor depends on the association between dirt and immoral behavior. Dirt and hygiene are understood not only in terms of their relation to disease but also in terms of morality. Proper working-class woman is supposed to be the guardian of the home’s moral rectitude, while she is responsible for cleaning the dirt at home. Cleanliness is both directly and metaphorically related to moral purity of woman. His depiction depends on gender constructions tied to middle class norms rather than to the reality of the poor women. Though Chadwick’s project is intended to overcome the observational barriers to the world of poor it reconstructs the very sorts of discursive barriers it is attempting to tear down. Hard Times represents another example of ideal middle class woman in the working-class home: a woman factory worker who is seen only doing domestic work for man. Her domestic work combines politics with domesticity in ways that represent the ideological burdens working-class women are made to assume. Dickens also transfers a disproportionate burden of cleanliness and moral responsibility onto working-class women. Even though both Chadwick’s and Dickens’ focus on domesticity appears to give considerable power to women, their power is finally shown to be limited. For Gaskell, the novel is a mode of representation superior to a centralized government scheme such as Chadwick's because only the former can transport middle-class readers into the homes and minds of the poor. She thinks that imaginative sympathy following it can mitigate their painful conditions. Gaskell’s focus on insanitary details does not lead to blaming working class woman for her moral irresponsibility and sexual degradation. She thinks that the house is constantly infiltrated by the environment outside home. Further Chadwick’s scheme is reversed in Mary Barton. For both the poor and Gaskell, not dirt but cleanliness is the symptom of moral lapse. Her construction of poor woman creates discursive arena to make working class life knowable in its own terms.
Abstract
This article examines how working-class female subject position is constructed and represented in Chadwick’s Sanitary Report, Hard Times, and Mary Barton. Chadwick’s explanation of the life of the poor depends on the association between dirt and immoral behavior. Dirt and hygiene are understood not only in terms of their relation to disease but also in terms of morality. Proper working-class woman is supposed to be the guardian of the home’s moral rectitude, while she is responsible for cleaning the dirt at home. Cleanliness is both directly and metaphorically related to moral purity of woman. His depiction depends on gender constructions tied to middle class norms rather than to the reality of the poor women. Though Chadwick’s project is intended to overcome the observational barriers to the world of poor it reconstructs the very sorts of discursive barriers it is attempting to tear down. Hard Times represents another example of ideal middle class woman in the working-class home: a woman factory worker who is seen only doing domestic work for man. Her domestic work combines politics with domesticity in ways that represent the ideological burdens working-class women are made to assume. Dickens also transfers a disproportionate burden of cleanliness and moral responsibility onto working-class women. Even though both Chadwick’s and Dickens’ focus on domesticity appears to give considerable power to women, their power is finally shown to be limited. For Gaskell, the novel is a mode of representation superior to a centralized government scheme such as Chadwick's because only the former can transport middle-class readers into the homes and minds of the poor. She thinks that imaginative sympathy following it can mitigate their painful conditions. Gaskell’s focus on insanitary details does not lead to blaming working class woman for her moral irresponsibility and sexual degradation. She thinks that the house is constantly infiltrated by the environment outside home. Further Chadwick’s scheme is reversed in Mary Barton. For both the poor and Gaskell, not dirt but cleanliness is the symptom of moral lapse. Her construction of poor woman creates discursive arena to make working class life knowable in its own terms.
참고문헌 (21)
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