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Villette and The Making of British National Identity
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The Great Exhibition held in London in 1851 was not simply a famous and wonderful sight. It was also an enormous collection of products and cultures from various colonies over the world. As the place of a melting pot crossing various cultures around the world, Great Britain faces the anxiety of a disappearing traditional British national culture. Because of this, Great Britain strengthened British national identity by instilling nationalism, patriotism, a sense of belonging and superiority in the general public. Charlotte Brontë’s Villette deals with the process of making British national identity. When the poor orphan Lucy Snow confronts the crisis of losing British national identity due to a sense of inferiority and alienation, she goes to the Continent where she reconstructs her national identity and secures a sense of belonging and superiority as a British subject. During this process, however, over-emphasized nationalism causes “neurosis,” a form of pathology, in Lucy. To secure her Englishness, the Protestant Lucy oppresses her sexuality and desire for conversion to Catholicism. Catholicism and French culture function as an oppositional Other to reveal the superiority of Protestantism and English culture. From the perspective of the English people, Brontë could be admired as a national writer inspiring nationalism and patriotism, disseminating British national culture, and defending Protestantism. On the other hand, from a non-English point of view, Brontё is rather appraised as a writer aligning uncritically the ideologies of British Empire, which internalize the ethos of excluding other cultures.
Abstract
The Great Exhibition held in London in 1851 was not simply a famous and wonderful sight. It was also an enormous collection of products and cultures from various colonies over the world. As the place of a melting pot crossing various cultures around the world, Great Britain faces the anxiety of a disappearing traditional British national culture. Because of this, Great Britain strengthened British national identity by instilling nationalism, patriotism, a sense of belonging and superiority in the general public. Charlotte Brontë’s Villette deals with the process of making British national identity. When the poor orphan Lucy Snow confronts the crisis of losing British national identity due to a sense of inferiority and alienation, she goes to the Continent where she reconstructs her national identity and secures a sense of belonging and superiority as a British subject. During this process, however, over-emphasized nationalism causes “neurosis,” a form of pathology, in Lucy. To secure her Englishness, the Protestant Lucy oppresses her sexuality and desire for conversion to Catholicism. Catholicism and French culture function as an oppositional Other to reveal the superiority of Protestantism and English culture. From the perspective of the English people, Brontë could be admired as a national writer inspiring nationalism and patriotism, disseminating British national culture, and defending Protestantism. On the other hand, from a non-English point of view, Brontё is rather appraised as a writer aligning uncritically the ideologies of British Empire, which internalize the ethos of excluding other cultures.
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