출산은 “노동”인가, “행위”인가?—버지니아 울프의 「어느 단체」 속 출산의 정치화와 여성의 정치행위를 중심으로
Is Childbearing Labor or Action?: Politicizing Childbearing and Women’s Political Actions in Virginia Woolf’s “A Society”
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Childbearing has been thought of as one of the inevitable and essential human activities. Despite advancements in various areas such as philosophy, science, and technology, the need to procreate has remained an inherent human instinct. According to Hannah Arendt, who defines the three categories of basic human activities as “labor,” “work,” and “action,” procreation belongs to that of “labor” in the way it satiates the basic human needs of humans as animals. However, Foucault’s notion of biopolitics revises and broadens the definition of procreation as “labor”; it is not done as a result of an individual desire but rather biopolitics for a government to expand and maintain its power. Although Virginia Woolf did not use the exact term, she was acutely aware of how biopower operates, as evident in her works such as Mrs. Dalloway. In her short story “A Society,” she imagines what could happen if women realize who has forced them to bear children and how much political power childbearing has. She actively thinks about the possibility of altering procreation from “labor” coerced by “biopolitics” to “action” to fight against the patriarchal society. Although this possibility does not turn out successfully in the narrative, it leaves hope for the next generation.
Abstract
Childbearing has been thought of as one of the inevitable and essential human activities. Despite advancements in various areas such as philosophy, science, and technology, the need to procreate has remained an inherent human instinct. According to Hannah Arendt, who defines the three categories of basic human activities as “labor,” “work,” and “action,” procreation belongs to that of “labor” in the way it satiates the basic human needs of humans as animals. However, Foucault’s notion of biopolitics revises and broadens the definition of procreation as “labor”; it is not done as a result of an individual desire but rather biopolitics for a government to expand and maintain its power. Although Virginia Woolf did not use the exact term, she was acutely aware of how biopower operates, as evident in her works such as Mrs. Dalloway. In her short story “A Society,” she imagines what could happen if women realize who has forced them to bear children and how much political power childbearing has. She actively thinks about the possibility of altering procreation from “labor” coerced by “biopolitics” to “action” to fight against the patriarchal society. Although this possibility does not turn out successfully in the narrative, it leaves hope for the next generation.
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