친족명칭과 이름을 통해서 살펴본鎌倉시대 武家의 지배원리

Abstract

The name system in Japan is very complicated thus; it can be divided into two characteristics. One is the various use of kinship terminology. In Japan, the four Chinese characters and words 姓, 氏, 名字, 苗 字 are used to interpret kinship terminology. Looking at the foundation, 姓 and 氏 were used in classical Japan and 名字 and 苗字 were used in medieval Japan, showing difference in concept, but the mixed terms are used together in the present day. The kinship terminology used by Japanese people is various because it is closely connected to the change of the political system. This is because the terminology for legacy groups was used all along without extinction even while the nation transformed from Japanese Ritsuryou State to dynasty to feudal society. Especially as in medieval Japan was a period when the political powers were swerving from aristocrats to samurais, it was a period where both classical and medieval terminologies were mixed up and can also be interpreted as when Japan began to develop its own unique name system. Therefore, it is necessary to scope into when either classical kinship terminology or medieval kinship terminology was used. Another characteristic that is shown in the name system in Japan is complication. In the case of samurais, when they are first born, they use their childhood name (兒名) until they celebrate genpuku (元 服)(coming of age ceremony) and receive an alias (通稱) which is their real name (實名) and Kemyou(假 名). Then they use their job title as names (職名) during their lifetime, and afterlife, they are given Buddhist names (法名). The names become very long when listed. In this study, concentrating on these two facts, the reasons for the name system in Japan being complicated would be made clear looking through the timeframe of medieval Japan. Therefore, samurais from the Kamakura period will be analyzed closely in the following two reasons: 1. why uji and myouji (名字) were first used together among the samurais, and 2. when actually the use of uji and myouji was differentiated between samurai families.