현대일본논설에 나타난 문말「はずだ」에 관한 연구

Abstract

This research accumulates 304 examples of hazuda in 44 modern Japanese articles excluding hazuda used within sentence(141 examples), negative expression of hazuda–hazuganai(71 examples), and speculation hazudarou(5 examples), totaling 521 examples of hazuda. Results were as follows: justification(131 examples), speculation(72), anticipation(62), prearrangement(12), complaint/criticism/regret(11), assurance(6), acceptance(or understanding)(5), memory(3), and expectation(2). Statements using hazuda usually occur in nature (environment), politics(economics), sports(health), education, national-related, and other general social issues. Looking at this more in depth, justification, speculation, anticipation, assurance, acceptance(or understanding), memory, and expectation usages are mostly related to general social issues while prearrangement and complaint/criticism/regret usages are mostly used to express personal issues. “Previous statement+hazuda statement+following statement” form occurred in all 9 usages. Justification, speculation, anticipation, prearrangement, and memory usages occurred in all “previous statement+hazuda statement,” “hazuda statement+following statement,” and “previous statement+hazuda statement+following statement,” Although variance of severity level may exist, all hazuda statements include the meaning of speculation within the 9 usages. Following other examples include ∼ba(assumption) ∼hazuda(69 examples), sentence ending with hazuda(48), negative expression ∼naihazuda(23), ∼aruhazuda(22), ∼nara(assumption) ∼hazuda(20), and ∼ga(connection) ∼hazuda(14). Prior to hazuda statement usually comes words like ∼darou(ka)(22 examples), ∼(no)ka(17), and post hazuda statement comes ∼darou(ka)(21), ∼(no)ka(20), ∼ba (assumption(15), daga(connection)(11).