문학 작품 속에서 형성된 중고와 중세의 무사 양상 - 『호겐 모노가타리(保元物語)』와 『헤이지 모노가타리(平治物語)』의 표상 고찰 -

Abstract

There have been many studies on the Bushi class so far, but the majority of the studies simply concentrate on Japanese Bushi. Instead, this papar considers the early Japanese Bushi in particular, a subject that has been largely neglected in academia. In order to deepen the understanding of the early Japanese Bushi, this study analyzes different scenes from literary works, particularly the Gunki monogatari, which was already heavily examined by researchers before. Honor is the first and foremost aspect that the works represent Bushi. The early Japanese Bushi shared a common sense about a ritual where they expressed honor, which was called Nanori. In many parts of the fiction, it was performed in prior to a battle or when they were faced with an army of high reputation. However, the literary work suggests how the early Japanese Bushi perceived honor in different ways. For example, two scenes portray retreat in battle in such a contrasting manner. Looking at the various aspects of combat that appear in the Gunki Monogatari, we can see that retreat is not considered as honorable, and retreat itself is not even discussed in conjunction with honor. This paper argues that at the basis of these two diverging views lies regional difference and change with the times. Lastly, the insecurity that haunted the early Japanese Bushi class shaped how they percieved their relationship with clans. They usually formed a Bushi group around the clan closest to them and worked for it. Therefore, the clan always existed as the first friendly force, and the fact that a clan joined and fought with another clan's Bushi was a source of criticism. It is confirmed by how those incidents are portrayed in the work. Sometimes, however, they made a secret deal with each other for the conservation of their clans and their own lives, and Bushi from different clans joined forces with each other.