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만화경 경력모델을 통해서 본 한국 여성의 경력지향 변화

Changes in Korean Women’s Career Orientation through Kaleidoscope Career Model

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초록

본 연구는 최근에 발전된 만화경 경력모델이 한국 여성의 경력개발 현상에도 적용될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 만화경 경력모델에서 주장하는 대로, 한국 여성들의 각 경력단계별로 특정 경력지향이 있는지와 그러한 변화가 생긴 계기, 사건은 무엇이며, 이에 영향을 미친 요인이 무엇인지를 살펴보았다. 대졸 이상 학력을 가진 275명의 여성을 대상으로 한 온라인 조사 결과, 만화경 경력모델의 핵심인 진정성 지향, 균형 지향, 도전 지향이 모두 발견되었고, 특히, 모든 경력단계에서 진정성 지향이 일관되게 높게 나타났다. 그러나, 응답자의 70% 정도는 그들의 지향성에 변화가 있었다고 보고하였고, 그 변화의 양상은 경력 초기의 도전 지향, 경력 중기의 균형 지향, 경력 후기의 진정성 지향으로의 변화가 가장 많이 관찰되어서 만화경 경력모델에서 주장한 베타 경력패턴의 모습이 발견되었다. 경력지향에 변화가 있었다고 응답자들의 67.7%는 이와 관련된 특별한 계기나 사건이 있었음을 밝혔다. 또한, 이에 영향을 미친 요인에 대해서는, 대체로 긍정적인 개인적 요인과 부정적인 외부적 요인이 언급되었다. 이에, 이론적으로는 다양한 사회문화적 환경 속에서 만화경 경력모델의 타당성이 검증될 필요성이 드러났으며, 특별히 진정성 지향의 우세성과 다른 두 지향(균형, 도전)과의 관계의 탐색도 필요해 보인다. 한편, 본 연구의 결과는 실천적인 차원에서는 조직 차원의 여성 인력개발 및 여성 근로자 지원정책, 성인교육기관에서의 직업진로교육의 설계에 의미 있는 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the validity of Kaleidoscope career model in Korea. I intend to explore whether there exist dominant career parameters in each career stage of Korean women workers as the Kaleidoscope argues, whether they experience any changes in their career parameters and what are the main causes of the changes along with influencing internal and external factors. Data were collected via an online survey with 275 women college graduates. Three career parameters including authenticity, challenge, and work and life balance were discovered. Overall, authenticity orientation was the highest in all career stages. However, when investigating the trend of changes in career orientation, beta career path was observed. Seventy percent of the participants experienced some changes in their career orientations, and sixty- eight percent of those reported an event or a cause of such changes. Additionally, mostly positive personal factors and negative external factors that affect their experience of changes in career orientations were found. Future research that delves into cultural applicability of the kaleidoscope career model is necessary. The relationships among the three parameters are also worth of investigation. This research also provides insights into organizational women workforce development and career education programs for women.

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