북유럽과 동아시아에서의 신뢰, 관계와 시민 사회:심리, 사회, 문화적 분석
Trust, relationship, and civil society in Scandinavia and East Asia: Psychological, social, and cultural analysis
0
조회
0
다운로드
9
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The present paper examines trust, interpersonal relationship, and civil society in Scandinavia and East Asia. In the first section, the concepts of trust and democracy are defined. In the second section, the cultural transformations that paved the way for the development of democracy in the West and Scandinavia are reviewed. In the third section, the basis of trust and democracy in East Asia, focusing on Confucianism, is reviewed. In the fourth section, a review of an empirical study conducted with a national sample in Denmark, Sweden, Japan, and Korea is presented. The results indicate that both the Scandinavian and East Asian respondents support the basic ideas of liberal democracy and trust close ingroup members. East Asian respondents are less likely than Scandinavian respondents to trust their colleagues and outgroup members and much less likely to trust political and government institutions. Scandinavian respondents prefer tolerant leaders who lead by ideas, while Koreans prefer strong paternalistic and moral leaders. Japanese respondents are less supportive of paternalistic leaders. Overall, results indicate that in Scandinavia and East Asia, although the basic ideas about democracy and human rights are similar, the methods of implementing these ideas are different. When compared with Scandinavia, there is much lower transparency and accountability in East Asia. In the final section, the challenges that the modern democracies face are discussed.
Abstract
The present paper examines trust, interpersonal relationship, and civil society in Scandinavia and East Asia. In the first section, the concepts of trust and democracy are defined. In the second section, the cultural transformations that paved the way for the development of democracy in the West and Scandinavia are reviewed. In the third section, the basis of trust and democracy in East Asia, focusing on Confucianism, is reviewed. In the fourth section, a review of an empirical study conducted with a national sample in Denmark, Sweden, Japan, and Korea is presented. The results indicate that both the Scandinavian and East Asian respondents support the basic ideas of liberal democracy and trust close ingroup members. East Asian respondents are less likely than Scandinavian respondents to trust their colleagues and outgroup members and much less likely to trust political and government institutions. Scandinavian respondents prefer tolerant leaders who lead by ideas, while Koreans prefer strong paternalistic and moral leaders. Japanese respondents are less supportive of paternalistic leaders. Overall, results indicate that in Scandinavia and East Asia, although the basic ideas about democracy and human rights are similar, the methods of implementing these ideas are different. When compared with Scandinavia, there is much lower transparency and accountability in East Asia. In the final section, the challenges that the modern democracies face are discussed.
참고문헌 (23)
- Bandura,A, "Social cognitive theory:An agentic perspective", 2, pp.21~42 (1999)
- Cambridge, "From genesis to genocide The meaning of human nature and the power of behavior control" (1980), MIT press
- Diamond, "Comparing experiences with democracy Politics in developing countries Comparing experiences with democracy", pp.1~37 (1990), Nynne Rienner Publishers
- Fukuyama,F, "The end of history and the last man" (1992), Avon Books
- "The social virtues and the creation of prosperity" (1995), The Free Press
- Hardin, "Trust in government" (1998)
- Helgesen, "Danish Institute of International Affairs" (2002)
- Kim, "Nordic Institute of Asian Studies" (1995)
- Kim,U, "Understanding Korean corporate culture:Analysis of transformative human resource management", 2, pp.68~101 (1998)
- Kim, "Asian Journal of Social Psychology", indige(us), pp.265~287 (2000)
- Kim, "Analysis of democracy and human rights in cultural context and peace in Korea", pp.53~94 (2001)
- Kim, "and Islam in modern Iran" (2003)
- Kim, "Comparative analysis of Danish and Korean political culture", pp.317~352 (2002)
- Leahey, "A history of psychology Main currents in psychological thought" (1987), Prentice- Hall
- Lew, "University of Toronto Press", pp.151~172 (1977), In C
- Locke,J, "Two treatises of government" (1963), Cambridge University Press
- Misumi, "The Behavioral Science of Leadership The University of Michigan" (1985)
- Park, "Parent-child relationship in Korea Indigenous psychological analysis of self-concept and family role" (2004)
- Putnam, "Civic traditions in modern Italy" (1993), Princeton Princeton University Press
- Sullivan, "Managerial perceptions of performance A comparison of Japanese and American work groups Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology", pp.379~397 (1986)
- Tnnies,F, "Community and society", 1963 (1887), ~[DOI]
- Yamagishi,T, "Trust and social intelligence" (1998), University of Tokyo Press
- Yuki, "Long-Term Equity within a Group An application of the seniority norm in Japan Key issues in cross-cultural psychology Selected papers from the Twelfth International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology", pp.288~297 (1996)