조선시대 정조대 장용영의 무예

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the installation and operation of Jangyongyoung in an effort to spread awareness of the importance of martial arts. Jangyongyoung was the royal body guards in the late Joseon age when King Jungjo advocated practical science and hoisted the banner of reform. King Jungjo couldn't yet entrench himself as a king, which resulted in weakening his royal authority and national strength. Furthermore, the contemporary people were in economic difficulties. Under the circumstances, the installation of this organ was one of King Jungjo's long-cherished desires who wanted to reinforce his royal authority and stabilize the livelihood of the people. This organ made a repeated development during his reign. When King Jungjo acceded to the throne, he pushed ahead with various policies to weaken the power of those who threatened his life in order to fortify his royal authority. Jangyongyoung was of great significance in terms of the development of military system in that the king installed it to overcome the threat of his opponents who continued to distress him after his enthronement, to stabilize the people's livelihood and to improve national standing. King Jungjo decided that one of the top priorities for the reinforcement of royal authority and the stabilization of the people's livelihood, which were his vision, would be to bolster the martial arts of Jangyongyoung to ensure his own safety. He published a manual titled "Muyedobotongji" for the training of Jangyongyoung, and it made a contribution to the arrangement of martial arts in the transitional period when explosive weapons were developed. Specifically, he set an example on the military draft, which could be called a modernistic approach. There was a tendency that martial arts were on the wane due to the development of explosive weapons, but martial arts continued to develop in the 20th century though our country lost its sovereignty and the First and Second World War broke out. The martial arts of the Joseon Age has stepped up the development of bare- handed fighting techniques such as Judo, Taekwondo, Hapkigo and the art of fencing in modern times, making our country one of strong nations in terms of bare-handed fighting techniques and accelerating the development of modern security services. Although there are now all sorts of splendid weapons, martial arts that are bare-handed fighting techniques are still a crucial means of security in modern times marked by severe terrorism. One of the innovative characteristics of Jangyongyoung was that it was equipped with solders who were masters of military arts, and another characteristic was that the manual "Muyedobotongji" was published to provide systematic martial arts training. This manual pieced together all the martial arts exchanged among Korea, China and Japan through the war called Limjinwearan. So that is underestimated in the history of martial arts after the development of explosive weapons, but martial arts are of great significance in that they make a great contribution as an effective means of security to protect important people from the threat of terrorism in modern times. Accordingly, the publication and utilization of the manual "Muyedobotongji" for Jangyongyoung could be defined as a pioneering achievement that has expedited the development of security services.