남한주민과 북한이탈주민의 마음에 대한 비교 연구: 상호 간 및 내/외집단에 대해 가지는 인식/감정/태도를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how South Koreans and North Korean defectors perceive each other and how their emotions and attitudes are perceived. For this purpose, in July and August of 2018, a special investigation agency commissioned a survey of 500 South Koreans and 250 North Korean defectors. As a result of the survey, almost similar phenomena were found in the perception, recognition, national consciousness, emotion, empathy, preference, and emotion temperature of North and South Koreans. In other words, statistically significant differences were found in the mutual recognition / emotion / attitude and the perception / emotion / attitude toward the inner group and the outer group. And this difference was caused by the recognition / emotion / attitude system of South Korean residents rather than the recognition / emotion / attitude system of North Korean defectors. This is because the gap between perceptions, emotions, and attitudes toward the inner group and the outer group was relatively greater for South Koreans than for North Korean defectors. However, it should not be overlooked that South Koreans have a lower level of awareness, empathy, preference, and emotional temperature for others, regardless of their group or outside group than defectors. As such, South Koreans and North Koreans have a combination of causes that are not so small in terms of mutual recognition / emotion / attitude, and perceptions / emotions / attitudes toward inner and outer groups. North Korean defectors have the characteristics of migrants and borderline people, and the collectivist tendency remains and the national consciousness is strong. South Koreans have a prejudice against North Korean defectors, and as society becomes more individualized and fragmented, the level of trust in others decreases, empathy is declining, and national consciousness is weakening. In the end, it is virtually impossible to completely eliminate the difference between the two Koreas’ private perceptions / emotions / attitudes. Here is the need to pay attention to integration as a process / orientation rather than integration as a result / state. It is necessary to recognize the differences between the two, but to take a variety of ways to communicate with each other.