개성공단 경제특구의 작업장 문화

Abstract

The Gaeseong Industrial Complex exhibits a relatively equal relationship between the two governments for the purpose of developing a collaborative political relationship, whereas the other two forms of SEZs are often based on unequal and hierarchical relationships between state actors. The Complex, however, is susceptible to potential tensions and conflicts. Unexpected incidents can occur at any moment, due to the cultural and political differences between South and North Koreans. To ameliorate this atmosphere and maintain stable productivity, the companies in the SEZ devised “stabilizing mechanisms.” This study asserts that these mechanisms, which are constructed through daily interactions among workers in workplaces, have played a significant role in managing crises, even if the mechanisms cannot fundamentally overcome structural restraints due to ideological and political tensions. This study uses archival research, participant observations in workplaces in the Complex and in-depth interviews with the employers and managers of the companies and North Korean defectors who have worked in North Korea. The companies have devised stabilizing mechanisms to minimize the risks from potential conflicts and to secure stable production of goods. A two-track system managing labor and cultural and institutional stabilizing mechanisms have helped to create a specific workplace culture at the Complex. This workplace culture arises through the cultural creativeness that a contact zone provides, and through the personal interactions among North and South Korean agents sharing some ethnic similarities.