개인의 자기 해석 성향이 선물 소비에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Self-Construal on Gift-Giving Consumption
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
선행 연구에 따르면 제품 혹은 브랜드의 소비를 통해 한 개인의 정체성을 드러내는 것이 가능하며 이에 사람들은 자신의 정체성과 일치하는 제품에 대한 높은 선호를 보이고 이를 구입하고는 한다. 그러나 때때로 소비자는 자신의 정체성과 일치하지 않는 제품을 구입해야 하는 상황에 처하기도 한다. 이는 바로 타인을 위한 선물 소비 상황으로, 우리는 종종 선물 수혜자를 기쁘게 하고자 선물 수혜자의 정체성에는 일치하지만 자신의 정체성에는 불일치하는 제품을 선물로 구입하고는 한다. 사람에게는 자신의 정체성과 일관되게 행동하려는 동기가 내재되어 있기 때문에 이와 같은 상황은 개인으로 하여금 인지 부조화로 유발된 정체성 위협이라는 심리적 불편감을 경험하게 한다. 자기 해석 이론에 따르면 한 개인은 자신을 타인과 구분되는 존재로 바라보는지 혹은 타인과 연결되어 있는 존재로 바라보는지에 따라 독립적 자기 해석 성향을 보이기도, 상호의존적 자기 해석 성향을 보이기도 한다. 그리고 이러한 성향에 따라 사람들은 사고하고 행동하는 데 있어 스스로를 있는 그대로 드러내는 경향을 보이기도(독립적 자기 해석자), 있는 그대로의 자신을 드러내기보다는 타인을 고려하는 경향을 보이기도(상호의존적 자기 해석자) 한다. 본 연구는 자기 해석 이론, 정체성 기반 동기 모형, 그리고 인지 부조화 이론을 바탕으로 개인의 자기 해석 성향이 선물 소비 전반에 걸쳐 영향을 미칠 것이라고 예상하고 이를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 정체성 일치/불일치 두 선물 대안 중 선물 선택에 있어 독립적 자기 해석자는 상호의존적 자기 해석자보다 정체성 일치 제품을, 상호의존적 자기 해석자는 독립적 자기 해석자보다 정체성 불일치 제품을 선물로 더 택하였음을 확인하였다. 또한, 정체성 일치 선물 대안에 대하여 독립적 자기 해석자가 상호의존적 자기 해석자보다 더 긍정적인 태도를 보였으며, 정체성 불일치 선물 대안에 대해서는 상호의존적 자기 해석자가 독립적 자기 해석자보다 더 호의적으로 평가하였다. 본 연구는 자기 해석, 정체성 위협, 그리고 선물 소비 간의 관계를 고찰함으로써 소비자 행동에 대한 이해를 도모하고자 한다.
Abstract
Prior research has shown that consumers express their identity through products or brands, so they make a purchase of identity-consistent products. In the context of gift consumption, however, an individual often chooses a product (gift) which is opposite to one’s identity to please a gift recipient. It leads the individual to suffer psychological discomfort, such as identity threat. This is because people are motivated to act consistently with their own identity. According to self-construal theory, there are two types of self-construals, independent and interdependent. Individuals with an independent self-construal view oneself as stable and distinct from others, whereas those with an interdependent self-construal view oneself as flexible and connected to others. These differences in self-construals affect individual’s ways of thinking and behavior. That is people who hold the independent view of the self put high value on internal attributes and express themselves in a consistent manner, while those who hold the interdependent view of the self emphasize harmonious relationship with others rather than one’s own characteristics. The current study investigates the effects of self-construal on gift-giving consumption based on self-construal theory, identity-based motivation model, and cognitive dissonance theory. The results indicate that independent self participants (vs. interdependent self participants) choose the identity-consistent gift more, but interdependent self participants (vs. independent self participants) chooses the identity-inconsistent gift more. Also, independent self participants show more positive attitudes toward a gift option which is identity-consistent than interdependent self participants. For a gift option which is identity-inconsistent, interdependent self participants are more positive than independent self participants. This study develop a better understanding of consumer behavior by exploring the relationship between self-construal, identity threat, and gift consumption.
참고문헌 (64)
- 서동철, "특수 사라진 인삼․한우…전통주만 27% 판매↑ 추석 선물세트 10개중 8개가 5만원 이하 실속형", 매일경제, ~ (2016)
- 이병관, "소비자 정보처리 과정과 선호 형성에 미치는 자기 해석(Self Construal)과 속성의 정렬 가능성(Attribute Alignability)의 효과 연구", 광고학연구, 24(1), pp.229~249 (2013), 한국광고학회
- Aaker, J. L., ""I"Seek Pleasures and"We"Avoid Pains : The Role of Self-Regulatory Goals in Information Processing and Persuasion", Journal of Consumer Research, 28(1), pp.33~49 (2001)
- Aaker, J. L., "Culture-dependent Assimilation and Differentiation of the Self : Preferences for Consumption Symbols in the United States and China", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), pp.561~576 (2001)
- Agrawal, N., "The Effects of Self-Construal and Commitment on Persuasion", Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), pp.841~849 (2005)
- Aron, A., "Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the Structure of Interpersonal Closeness", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), pp.596~612 (1992)
- Ball, A. D., "The Role and Measurement of Attachment in Consumer Behavior", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(2), pp.155~172 (1992)
- Bartels, J., "Consumers' Willingness to Buy Products with Environmental and Ethical Claims : The Roles of Social Representations and Social Identity", International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(1), pp.82~89 (2014)
- Belk, R. W., "Research in Marketing, Vol. 2", pp.95~126 (1979), JAI Press
- Belk, R. W., "Possessions and the Extended Self", Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), pp.139~168 (1988)
- Belk, R. W., "Gift Giving as Agapic Love: An Alternative to the Exchange Paradigm Based on Dating Experiences", Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), pp.393~417 (1993)
- Berger, J., "Where Consumers Diverge from Others : Identity Signaling and Product Domains", Journal of Consumer Research, 34(2), pp.121~134 (2007)
- Brewer, M. B., "Who Is This"We"? Levels of Collective Identity and Self Representations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), pp.83~93 (1996)
- Campbell, J. D., "Self-Concept Clarity : Measurement, Personality Correlates, and Cultural Boundaries", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), pp.141~156 (1996)
- Caplow, T., "Christmas Gifts and Kin Networks", American Sociological Review, 47(3), pp.383~392 (1982)
- Chan, C., "Identifiable but Not Identical : Combining Social Identity and Uniqueness Motives in Choice", Journal of Consumer Research, 39(3), pp.561~573 (2012)
- Cheal, D. J., "The Social Dimensions of Gift Behaviour", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3(4), pp.423~439 (1986)
- Cheal, D. J., "The Gift Economy" (1988), Routledge
- Cheng, S. Y., "The Effects of Self-Brand Connections on Responses to Brand Failure : A New Look at the Consumer-Brand Relationship", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), pp.280~288 (2012)
- Church, A. T., "Measuring Individual and Cultural Differences in Implicit Trait Theories", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), pp.332~347 (2003)
- Coleman, N. V., "Feeling Like My Self : Emotion Profiles and Social Identity", Journal of Consumer Research, 40(2), pp.203~222 (2013)
- Crosby, L. A., "Effects of Relationship Marketing on Satisfaction, Retention, and Prices in the Life Insurance Industry", Journal of Marketing Research, 24(4), pp.404~411 (1987)
- Cross, S. E., "The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Concept Consistency, and Well-Being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), pp.933~944 (2003)
- Erikson, E. H., "Identity: Youth, and Crisis" (1968), Norton
- Escalas, J. E., "You Are What They Eat : The Influence of Reference Groups on Consumers’ Connections to Brands", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), pp.339~348 (2003)
- Escalas, J. E., "Self-Construal, Reference Groups, and Brand Meaning", Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), pp.378~389 (2005)
- Festinger, L., "A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance" (1957), Row & Peterson
- Frey, D., "A Clarification of Selective Exposure : The Impact of Choice", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14(1), pp.132~139 (1978)
- Gao, L., "The ‘Shaken Self’ : Product Choices as a Means of Restoring Self-View Confidence", Journal of Consumer Research, 36(1), pp.29~38 (2009)
- Gardner, W. L., ""I"Value Freedom, But"We"Value Relationships : Self-Construal Priming Mirrors Cultural Differences in Judgment", Psychologycal Science, 10(4), pp.321~326 (1999)
- Gino, F., "Give Them What They Want : The Benefits of Explicitness in Gift Exchange", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), pp.915~922 (2011)
- Heine, S. J., "Culture, Dissonance, and Self-Affirmation", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), pp.389~400 (1997)
- Hoshino-Browne, E., "On the Cultural Guises of Cognitive Dissonance : The Case of Easterners and Westerners", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), pp.294~310 (2005)
- Kitayama, S., "The Coherence of Personality: Social-cognitive Bases of Personality Consistency, Variability, and Organization" (1998), Guilford Press
- Kleine, R. E., "Mundane Consumption and the Self : A Social-identity Perspective", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2(3), pp.209~235 (1993)
- Lannegrand-Willems, L., "Identity Development-in-Context : The School as an Important Context for Identity Development", Identity, 6(1), pp.85~113 (2006)
- Levy, S. J., "Symbols for Sale", Harvard Business Review, 37(4), pp.117~124 (1959)
- Lin, J. S., "Nothing Can Tear Us Apart : The Effect of Brand Identity Fusion in Consumer-Brand Relationships", Psychology & Marketing, 31(1), pp.54~69 (2014)
- Lisjak, M., "When a Threat to the Brand Is a Threat to the Self The Importance of Brand Identification and Implicit Self-Esteem in Predicting Defensiveness", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9), pp.1120~1132 (2012)
- Markus, H. R., "Culture and the Self : Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation", Psychological Review, 98(2), pp.224~253 (1991)
- "Shoppers to Remain Conservative with Holiday Gift Budgets This Year, According to NRF" (2012)[URL]
- Oliver, R. L., "Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer" (1997), McGraw-Hill
- Oyserman, D., "Identity-based motivation : Implications for action-readiness, procedural-readiness, and consumer behavior", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(3), pp.250~260 (2009)
- Richins, M. L., "Special Possessions and the Expression of Material Values", Journal of Consumer Research, 21(3), pp.522~533 (1994)
- Schwartz, B., "The Social Psychology of the Gift", American Journal of Sociology, 73(1), pp.1~11 (1967)
- Sharifi, S. S., "The Impacts of Relationship Marketing on Cognitive Dissonance, Satisfaction, and Loyalty : The Mediating Role of Trust and Cognitive Dissonance", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(6), pp.553~575 (2014)
- Shavitt, S., "Why We Evaluate: Functions of Attitudes", pp.37~57 (1999), Erlbaum
- Sherry, J. F., "Gift Giving in Anthropological Perspective", Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), pp.157~168 (1983)
- Sherry, J. F., "The Dark Side of the Gift", Journal of Business Research, 28(3), pp.225~244 (1993)
- Singelis, T. M., "The Measurement of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), pp.580~591 (1994)
- Singelis, T. M., "Unpackaging Culture’s Influence on Self-Esteem and Embarrassability : The Role of Self-Construals", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(3), pp.315~341 (1999)
- Sirgy, J., "Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior : A Critical Review", Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), pp.287~300 (1982)
- Solomon, M. R., "The Role of Products as Social Stimuli : A Symbolic Interactionism Perspective", Journal of Consumer Research, 10(3), pp.319~329 (1983)
- Steele, C. M., "Dissonance Processes as Self-Affirmation", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(1), pp.5~19 (1983)
- Suh, E. M., "Culture, Identity Consistency, and Subject Well-Being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), pp.1378~1391 (2002)
- Sung, Y., "The Influence of Self-Construal on Self-Brand Congruity in the United States and Korea", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), pp.151~166 (2012)
- Sweeney, J. C., "Cognitive Dissonance after Purchase : A Multidimensional Scale", Psychology & Marketing, 17(5), pp.369~385 (2000)
- Tajfel, H., "Psychology of Intergroup Relations" (1986), Nelson-Hall
- Triandis, H. C., "The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Contexts", Psychological Review, 96(3), pp.506~520 (1989)
- van Barren, R. B., "It Takes Two to Mimic : Behavioral Consequences of Self-Construals", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), pp.1093~1102 (2003)
- Ward, M. K., "It’s Not Me, It’s You : How Gift Giving Creates Giver Identity Threat as a Function of Social Closeness", Journal of Consumer Research, 38(1), pp.164~181 (2011)
- White, K., "Dissociative versus Associative Responses to Social Identity Threat : The Role of Consumer Self-Construal", Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), pp.704~719 (2012)
- Wooten, D. B., "Qualitative Steps toward an Expanded Model of Anxiety in Gift-Giving", Journal of Consumer Research, 27(1), pp.84~95 (2000)
- Yi, Y., "The Effects of Contextual Priming in Print Advertisements", Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), pp.215~222 (1990)
