한국 제조업의 산업별 기술혁신패턴 분석
Sectoral Patterns of Technological Innovation in Korean Manufacturing Sector
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본 연구에서는 Pavitt(1984)의 산업별 기술혁신패턴론을 토대로 한국 제조업의 산업별 혁신원천과 기술혁신패턴을 비교 분석하였다. 이에 따라 과학기술정책연구원 「2005년 기술혁신활동조사표: 제조업」 DB 자료를 사용하여 공급자지배산업, 생산집약적산업, 과학기반산업으로 구분하고 계량모형을 이용하여 실증 분석하였는데, 주요 실증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 혁신정보의 원천 측면에서 공급자지배산업에서는 기업외부정보의 혁신 기여도가 높고, 과학기반산업과 생산집약적 산업에서는 기업내부정보의 혁신 기여도가 높았다. 둘째 외부지식활용방식 측면에서는 공급자지배산업에서는 외부지식구매, 과학기반산업에서는 공동개발, 생산집약적 산업에서는 외부지식구매와 공동개발이 혁신성과에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째 외부기관과의 지식연계 측면에서는 공급자 지배산업은 공급업체, 생산집약적 산업은 고객업체, 과학기반산업에서는 대학․연구기관과의 연계가 기술혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 과학기반산업은 산학연 지식연계, 생산 집약적 산업은 기업간 지식연계, 공급자지배산업은 외부지식의 흡수능력 배양 등 산업별 기술패턴을 고려한 혁신지원정책이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analysis sectoral patterns of technological innovation in Korean manufacturing sector. Pavitt(1984) put forward a well-known taxonomy that identifies three groups of industries characterized by markedly different innovative modes, namely science-based, production-intensive and supplier-dominated industries. Using Pavitt’s taxonomy as a framework, we try to explain similarities and differences among sectors in the sources and impact of innovations. Based on a sample of 2,371 firms in manufacturing industry, this paper investigated its relevance to explain the sources and directions of innovative activities in Korean industries. Empirical study shows that in supplier dominated firms most process innovations come from suppliers of equipment and materials. In science-based firms product innovation is produced internally, based on the rapid development of the underlying sciences in the universities and research institutes. It also shows that production-intensive firms have a positive association between innovativeness and customer collaboration. This explanation has implications for our understanding of the sources and directions of technical changes, the formation of technological advantages at the level of both region and country.
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