김정은의 현지지도를 통한 카리스마적 지배 권위 재생산 - 만경대혁명학원과 백두산 혁명전적지 현지지도를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Max Weber claims that charisma is an extraordinary ability or gift from God that no one else can possess. Most charismatic people are regarded as leaders. However, Weber argues that charismatic dominance weakens because it is inherently unstable. Also, charismatic authority transferred from a hereditary society through lineage or ancestors is called hereditary charisma. Also, given the belief that charisma is linked to blood ties, charisma claims that it is possible to secure dominance only through the actions of ancestors, and Weber refers to this as “position charisma.” Chairman Kim Jong-Un became the supreme leader in an unstable state due to the unusual succession of power of the three major kinship lineages and the short succession of power process compared to Kim Jong-Il. Charismatic dominance is insecure by its nature, and since even the process of succession of power was short, a mechanism for securing dominance would have been even more necessary. Therefore, what was urgent for Chairman Kim Jong-Un was to prove the legitimacy of the charismatic ruling authority handed over to him. To that end, it was necessary to reproduce the charismatic authority that had been transferred from senior leaders, and Chairman Kim Jong-Un activated that behavior through local guidance, which is an act of governance. Moreover, for Chairman Kim Jong-un to reproduce charismatic dominance through local maps, it was more advantageous to have a space where the symbols of the “anti- Japanese revolutionary struggle” and the “Baekdu lineage” act. As a result, Chairman Kim Jong-Un selected Mankyungdae Revolutionary Academy and Baekdusan Revolutionary Site as a system space that could reproduce charismatic dominance based on the anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle and the Baekdu lineage and recreate the ruling authority by providing local guidance. These two spaces have in common that Kim Jong-Il, the senior leader just above, visited at a timely and appropriately and gave local guidance. The current map of Mankyungdae Revolutionary Academy, which was carried out around the Lunar New Year in 2012, is a representative act that Kim Jong-Un is the leader who succeeded Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il in the anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle and the Baekdu lineage and used it as a great opportunity for students to emphasize their voluntary and active loyalty to themselves. Furthermore, in the local map of Mankyungdae Revolutionary Academy, I was able to use the effect of emphasizing that Kim Il-Sung is a benevolent parent among the people and a leader of compassion. In terms of timing, it was similar to Kim Jong-Il’s local map of Mankyungdae Revolutionary Academy. Chairman Kim Jong-Un emphasized Baekdu’s sword spirit by climbing Baekdusan in 2014, then Chairman Kim Jong- Un’s behavior, which showed the Baekdu Mountain White Horse Climbing in 2019 and the local map of Samjiyeon City, the revolutionary site of Baekdusan, twice, is to reproduce the revolutionary traditions of the previous leaders and the charismatic dominance of Baekdu lineage. As the name of the space called Baekdusan proves, Baekdusan is the most suitable space for Chairman Kim Jong-Un to inherit the Baekdu lineage, and is the most suitable system space for North Korea to reproduce the charismatic dominance of the former leader by equating the mythical elements of the anti-Japanese armed struggle with himself. Samjiyeon City, where the Baekdu Revolution Battlefield is located, is also connected to Baekdusan, so a visit to this place and a local map have the same meaning as climbing Baekdusan. If Chairman Kim Jong-Un faces a situation to open up a new beginning, such as the need to overcome the crisis in the system, it is predicted that he is likely to recreate the charismatic dominance of senior leaders by visiting Mankyungdae Revolutionary Academy and Baekdusan Revolutionary Battlefield, which are system spaces, and providing local guidance.