학습전략의 효과성 판단에서 역량의 착각 원인 분석
Causal Analysis of the Illusion of Competency in Judgment of Learning Strategy Effectiveness
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초록
이 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 2차례 설문을 통하여 10가지 학습전략 각각에 대한 실제 사용정도와 효과성정도 간의 차이를 비교하고 그러한 차이가 발생한 원인에 대해 학생들이 기술한 내용을 분석하여 교육적 처방을 제안하였다. 1차 설문 분석결과, 학생들은 학습전략의 사용정도와 효과성정도의 판단에서 특정 학습전략을 사용은 많이 하고 있으나 그 효과는 낮을 것이라고, 그리고 사용은 적게 하면서 효과는 높을 것이라고 모순되는 판단을 하고 있음을 스스로 인식하고 있었다. 2차 설문에서 학생들이 밝힌 모순된 판단에 대한 대표적인 원인은 학습전략에 대한 지식과 정보의 부족, 효과적인 전략의 사용을 위한 계획이나 준비의 어려움과 시간 부족, 그리고 비효과적인 전략임을 알고 있으나 상대적으로 사용하기 쉽고 편하며 즉각적인 학습효과를 보장해 주기 때문으로 확인되었다. 이러한 ‘유창성 착각’이나 ‘역량의 착각’ 현상을 해소하기 위한 방안으로 학습전략의 효과성에 대한 체계적인 정보와 지식을 제공할 필요성을 강조하면서 교육현장에서 활용 가능한 방안으로서 인출연습과 분산연습의 통합적 활용방안과 효과적인 학습전략의 도입을 위한 수용모형(diffusion model)을 제안하였다.
Abstract
This study was to identify the phenomenon called illusion of competency among university students taking a teaching subject by utilizing surveys to compare the gap between the level of their actual use and the effectiveness judged by them of each of 10 major learning strategies. It was also done to analyze the reasons such gaps occurred, then to suggest several educational prescriptions. The surveys were conducted once a week for 2 weeks. As a result of the initial survey, students perceived themselves that they mired in self-contradiction due to the differences between their actual use and judged effectiveness of learning strategies. As a result of the follow-up survey, through an analysis of various causes students’ self-contradictory judgments, they generally appealed the lack of knowledge and information on learning strategies. In addition, even if they wanted to use effective learning strategies, they didn’t use them due to the difficulty of planning and shortage of time. Furthermore, students were likely to depend on ineffective strategies to prepare for exams because such strategies were relatively easy to use and showed immediate learning effect. To overcome the ‘fluency illusion’ or ‘illusion of competency’, this study emphasized the necessity of providing systematic information and knowledge about the effectiveness of learning strategies. It also suggested introducing an integrated method that utilizes a retrieval practice and distributed practice, and a diffusion model for providing information about effective learning strategies.
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