北魏 僧官制 성립과 변천에 관한 연구 -法果와 曇曜를 중심으로-

Abstract

The Buddhist priest bureaucracy was one of the particular factors which were brought out with Buddhism settled in Beiwei(the Northern Wei Dynasty). The system had continued through Beiwei from the First Emperor. The Buddhist priest bureaucracy of Beiwei had been continuously systemized and that was why it became one of the specific characters of Beiwei’s Buddhism. This religious ruling system with the Head Priest(Sha men tong) had reached its control to small villages like Zhou, Zhen, Jun. Buddhism of the Northern Wei Dynasty settled on the Emperor’s power well showed the national religion’s center controling aspect. The Buddhist priest bureaucracy had fueled the development of Buddhism under the administrative patronage. However, it also means the religion was subordinated to the government. Fa Guo, the Head Priest(Dao ren tong) of Beiwei showed the process of the start and development of the Buddhist priest bureaucracy. His contributions are good key to follow how Beiwei’s Buddhism nationalized.After the suppression of Buddhism, Dao ren tong was reorganized to Sha men tong. Tanyao, the critical priest of the national Buddhism, settled Yangzhou Buddhism in Beiwei. All the while, Beiwei’s Buddhism accomplished its unique culture. The Buddhist priest bureaucracy of Beiwei was developed by the mutual necessity between Buddhism and the government. It later became the Chinese Buddhism’s distinctiveness.