道義의 在唐 求法行程에 관한 연구 －祖堂集 관련기사의 비판적 검토－

Abstract

It is Zen Master Doui (道義禪師) who introduced the southern Zen school of Buddhism (南宗禪) to the Korean Peninsula for the first time. Although he spent a long time (784∼821) in China searching for the Dharma, there are only a few historical materials which contain records related to his Pilgrimage. A book entitled Zutangji (祖堂集) has a chapter about Zen Master Doui (道義傳), but it contains only brief description of the Master and the early period of his pilgrimage. The epitaph of Jingam-hyeso (眞鑑慧昭 774〜850) as well as other materials should be consulted in order to understand the later part of his pilgrimage. The Doui chapter of Zutangji contains records of the names of the places and temples, but many of them are unclear or miswritten. For example, it mistakenly records that Doui received upasampada (具足戒) at Baotansi Temple in Cangfu (廣府 寶壇寺) and he received Dharma from Xitang-jijang (西堂智藏 735〜814) at Kaiyuansi Temple in Hongzhou (洪州 開元寺). These miswritten records are so important that they should be corrected. The present writer has traveled around these areas and written travel essays. With the information he has gathered so far, it is possible to correct those miswritten records. Evidence exists that Doui received upasampada at Daifansi Temple in Shaoguan (韶關 大梵寺), the cradle of Fabaotanching (法寶壇經). In addition, Doui received Dharma at Baohuasi Temple in Qianzhou (虔州 寶華寺) where Xitang-jijang stayed in, not Kaiyuansi Temple in Hongzhou. Since there is no mention about the later part of Doui’s pilgrimage in the Doui chapter of Zutangji, the epitaph of Jingam-hyeso which was written by Choi Chi-won (崔致遠) can be an important reference. According to this epitaph, Hyeso went to China 20 years later than Doui, and met Shenjian (神鑒) in Cangnzhou (滄州) on the west coast of Bohai (渤海). He met Doui and accompanied him to search for the Dharma. In the meantime, according to records from the Tangzhou Shenjian chapter in Sung-gaosheng-zuan(宋高僧傳 唐州 神鑒傳), Shenjian was originally from Jiangxi Jiujiang (江西 九江). He devoted himself to Buddhist Chants called Beompae (梵唄) when he was young, and after he became a monk, he studied under the guidance of Maju (馬祖). These facts show that he had a lot in common with Hyeso. However, I have the plan to research further about the accompaning Pilgrimage for the search of Dharma by both Hyeso and Doui.