초기 선종기 禪法의 조류와 楞伽禪의 영향

Abstract

A study on the currents of zen mode and Lanka-zen in early Zen-school Park, keon-joo The main currents of zen mode in early Zen-school were Seng-chou (僧稠) and Seng-shi(僧實) school as the fundamental zen in Hinayana sutra, and Lanka-zen and Tian-tai-zen school(天台禪門) as the Bodhisattva zen in Mahayana sutra. Usually the fundamental zen in Hinayana sutra is apt to lean toward attainment of Dhyāna, and to attach the taste of Dhyāna. Seng-chou-zen had a weak point easily inclining to the taste of Dhyāna, Lanka-zen had a weak point of too hard to apprehend, and so easily misleading. But in the point of view that the fundamental zen in Hinayana sutra could be practiced by Mahayana-zen mode by Seng-chou, it is difficult to affirm that Seng-chou-zen was the fundamental zen in Hinayana sutra. While Bodhidharma-zen school commented the Dhyāna of Two-Vehicles(二乘) as false Dhyāna, and advocated Lanka-zen as highest perfect zen mode, the school of fundamental zen in Hinayana sutra declined. But that zen mode could be handed down in consequence of being included in Tian-tai-zen system. The zen practice of possessing both Dhyāna and wisdom is common to both Lanka-zen and Tian-tai-zen, however the former had a tendency to incline to wisdom, and the latter to Dhyāna. Lanka-zen emphasized the zen practice of non-dual Dhyāna and wisdom based on the realization that there is no Dhyāna in some place. However the ultimate zen theory of both zen schools had something in common. Tian-tai school formulated a system of nearly whole zen mode, and handed down to practice. That was the brilliant exploits in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Similarly Lanka-zen school also became to got the zen practice of possessing various practice mode.