『菩提達磨略辨大乘入道四行』에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The Mahayana doctrines have been developed around practical ideasfor people’s Peaceful mind with the will of heaven(安心立命) such asVajracchedika-Sutra and Prajnaparamita-Sutra explaining Meditation onvoidness(空觀), Saddharmapundarika-Sutra on The real state of allelements or the true reality or aspect of all phenomena(諸法實相), andAvatamsaka-Sutra on All things are created by the mind alone(一切唯心造). In the process of the development of such doctrines, the idea of Themind itself is the Buddha(卽心是佛) emphasizing both entering into thetruth and entering into action, which is the logic system ofBoddhi-Dharma’s Two types of Realization and Four Practices of theway(二入四行), was settled as the methodology of practical discipline inthe cultural region of Northeast Asia. This is the ideological ground ofpractical Buddhism trying to practice and transmit Buddha’s teachingscorrectly through emphasizing Special transmission outside the scriptures(敎外別傳不立文字). Gunaless true mind(無功德眞心) mentioned by Boddhi-Dharma is thesystematization of the dogmatic of Zen Buddhism comprehending theChinese and Korean lines of Zen Buddhism advocating Pointing directlyto mind and seeing self.nature is attaining Buddhahood(直指人心見性成佛). In the preface of Dalmaron(達磨論; The Dharma Theory), Tanlin, one ofDharma’s disciples, described The way of peace as wall gazing(壁觀). Thissuggests that, in the principles of Boddhi-Dharma’s Two types ofRealization and Four Practices of the way(二入四行), Two types of Realization(二入) is the awakening of The characteristic of true suchness(眞如本性) and the way of attaining Buddhahood for The peaceful mindwith the will of heaven or acceptance of one’s fate(安心立命), and Fourways of practice(四行) is methodology for achieving it. These principlesare considered to have the same logic system as The teaching of nonduality(不二法門) of VimalakirtiNirdesa-Sutra. What is more, theprinciples of Boddhi-Dharma’s Two types of Realization and FourPractices of the way(二入四行) are directly linked to Saddharmapundarika-Sutra’s The real state of all elements or the true reality or aspect of allphenomena(諸法實相) and Avatamsaka-Sutra’s The unimpeded interfusionof the principle and the particulars(理事無碍), and can be identified withthe principles of the Mahayana doctrines. This is in the same vein asVajracchedika-Sutra in denying Four states of all phenomena(四相) andas Nirvana-Sutra in acknowledging Within every being is the innateBuddha.nature(一切衆生悉有佛性). In this way, through his principles of Two types of Realization andFour Practices of the way(二入四行), Dharma organized Buddha’s ideainto entering into the truth and entering into action and this establishedthe view of Zen as a means of saving the people.