복장진언(腹藏眞言)의 특징과 수인법(手印法) 복원

Abstract

This paper studies the characteristics of the mantras and the restoration of mudrās used in the bokjang ritual. The mantras used in this ritual feature the following. First, the mantras related to the contemplation of the ācārya (阿闍梨觀想) are included since the contemplation practice of the ācārya leads the entire ritual. Second, the bokjang mantra forms the bokjang mandala, establishing both vajradhātu and garbhadhātu mandala with all the buddhas, bodhisattvas, as well as the ten vidyā-rājas (明王). Third, the mantra imparts the meaning of the practice system, shin-hae-haeng-jeung (信解行證) or o-su-jeung (悟修證), as well as causality through the saeng-ban-sam-boon (生飯三分). The bokjang ritual refers to a ritual procedure infusing the items put in a new statue of the Buddha with the divine power of the Buddha. The ritual is completed when the three empowerments of body, speech, and mind (身口意三密) are achieved. The existing texts on the bokjang ritual, however, lack the practice system of the three empowerments. In the Josanggyeong (造像經) and other existing bokjang ritual texts, there are no images and only some of the forms of the mudrās correspond to the empowerment of body (身密). As a consequence, the ritual is only half complete, as there are mantras but no mudrās. Given this lack, this paper traces the mudrās related with the mantras and restores twenty-one of them. The bokjang ritual is done to contemplate and nestle the seed of the Buddha (佛種子) in a new statue by infusing the items put in it with the divine power of the Buddha through the three empowerments. The Buddha possesses thirty-two features and eighty secondary features (32相 80種好), which will come into the world through the jeoman (點眼) ritual when the seed of Buddha (佛種子) is perfectly nestled and buds.