『구사론』과 『성유식론』의 명(名) ·구(句)·문(⽂) 논의 고찰 - 『구사론기』와 『술기』의 주석을 토대로 -

Abstract

The relationship between names, phrases, and letters as well as the sounds of one’s voice is important to the Buddhist view of language. In the process of transmitting the Buddha's teachings, the way the teaching is expressed through names, etc. is a matter that must be considered to clarify the nature of Buddhism. Amongst Buddhist scholars there has been active discussion about whether names etc. are representative of real dharma or nominal dharma, and what that means regarding the essence of Buddhism. The Shuji commentaries introduce the relationship between names, phrases, letters and sounds when criti- cizing Abhidharma in the Cheng Wei Shi Lun. The Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya develops an argument between the Sarvâstivāda and Sautrântika schools about the relationship between names, phrases, letters and sounds. Vasubandhu focuses on Sautrântika's assertion that names, phrases, and letters are nominal and not real dharma. The Cheng Wei Shi Lun also criti- cizes the real existence of names, phrases, and letters and matches them with nominal dharma. This simply opposes the Sautrântika position that names, phrasese, and letters are useless, as it argues that they are nominal dharma but are still useful for conveying meaning because it reflects inflection of sound. While Sautrântika could not explain how the impermanent sound of one’s voice could be gathered and understood, the Mind-Only school revealed that there is a fundamental difference between the two schools, which is explained with the five minds (五⼼). The contents of Cheng Wei Shi Lun is difficult to understand because the ar- guments of Abhidharma scholars and those of Dharmaphala are intertwined. In this paper, the relationship between names, phrases, letters, and sounds of the voice is considered by referring to the Shuji annotations of the Cheng Wei Shi Lun. These annotations summarize the discussion in five criticisms and four correct meanings. This makes it easier to understand, in detail, the discussion that the sound of the voice is real dharma and names, phrases, and letters are nomi- nal dharma.