공기어 네트워크 분석을 통해 본 ‘해오’와 ‘증오’ 개념의 형성

Abstract

This study uses social network analysis to explore how the concepts of “jiewu” (解悟) and “zhengwu” (證悟) in East Asian Buddhism were formed and how their meanings subsequently changed. The paper analyzes the terms separately in passages from various Buddhist texts, tracking the co-occurrence of each term with other relevant keywords. Trends in the usage of both “jiewu” and “zhengwu” were traced over time through an analysis of the contexts in which they developed and their relationships with other significant Buddhist terminology. Specifically, the study analyzed the texts of the Sanlun School (Jizang, Hyegyun), the Tiantai School (Zhiyi, Guanding, Tanyan), and the Huayan School (Fazang, Chengguan, Zongmi). These texts were searched through CBETA Online and paragraphs including “jiewu” and “zhengwu” were analyzed using KH Coder. Texts identical in content and authorship but with different titles were excluded from the analysis. Results showed that “jiewu” and “zhengwu” had not yet been paired together, either in contrast or as complements, in the earlier era of the Sanlun and Tiantai schools. It was not until the time of Chengguan and Zongmi in subsequent eras that “jiewu” and “zhengwu” were divided into enlightenment at the level of understanding and enlightenment at the ultimate level, respectively, forming paired concepts. These masters discussed both terms in the context of sudden and gradual approaches to enlightenment. Visually, the networks of terminology for Chengguan and Zongmi look similar, revealing a shared context for the use of these concepts in their writings. There were, however, some differences in their interpretation of “zhengwu”, such as the emphasis on the nature of suddenness or gradualness in Chengguan and Zongmi’s texts, respectively. As this study only analyzed the concepts of “jiewu” and “zhengwu”, various synonyms such as “jie” and “zheng” were not considered and should be examined in future research.