초기 화엄교학 형성에 관한 일고찰 - 후기 남북조 시대 보살 계위설의 전개와 해석을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper examined the early development of the Huayan thoughts, focusing on the development of the soteriological schema of the bodhisattvas from late 5th to the early 6th century Buddhism. The result of the research can be summarized as follows. 1)For the Buddhists in the mid-5th century, the Huayan-Jing (華嚴經, trans. by Buddhabhadra in 418-420) was defined as the sudden teaching (頓敎) that can be accepted only for the Bodhisattvas. 2)As far as the existing texts are concerned, the Chinese apocryphal text named Pusayingluobore-Jing (菩薩瓔珞本業經, presumably written in the late 5th century) presents the systematical understanding of the Huayan-Jing for the first time. In this text, the Huayan-Jing was explained as the 42 levels of the Bodhisattva path. 3)Based on this schema, the Buddhists of the Northern Dynasties from the early 6th century tried to devise a Mahāyānan doctrinal system combining the various teachings and Sūtras. It was the time that the one mind (一心), the suchness (眞如), and the Tathāgatagarbha (如來藏) were combined and regarded as the ultimate truth that only the bodhisattvas can prove. There was also an interpretation that the phenomenal world took place based on the ultimate truth. In this viewpoint, the inseparability between the phenomenal world and the truth is explained by the concept of the dependent arising (緣起) as well. 4)As the idea of the dependent arising had been matured, the Chinese Buddhists insisted that the various doctrines cannot be divided with the hierarchical viewpoint but at the state of the dependent arising itself. The concept of “Dependent Arising of the Dharma Realm” (法界緣起) was appeared through this context. As a result, the doctrinal interpretation was transformed into another philosophical perspective that can be named the Huayan thoughts.