구하의 통도사 개혁과 그 현대 불교사적 의의

Abstract

Guha renovated the ordination platform in 1911 when he was the chief monk, and initiated maintenance, which would lay the ground work for the restoring tradition, revival, change, and reform of Tongdosa. He appealed to the public for response and participation in the reform, and ensured transparency in financial oper- ations and management by promoting the Law of Buddhist Order to secure finances. Guha's reform proceeded regardless of internal, external, mental, and material superiority, as it quickly organized the securing of finances, separation of public and private affairs, and the division of roles of each hermitage. After laying the foundation for reform, Guha strived to establish a foundation for education and smooth over issues that divided temples. As part of public integration, he summoned Monk Hwanseong, the symbol of Zen in Tongdosa, and he founded the Hwanseong sect to unite the division among sects. He then tried including his opponents and aroused legitimacy for the reform. His reform was focused on establishing the foundation of education and reorganizing the rules for monks' education. In 1906, he established Myeongshin school and was very supportive in cultivating the talents of students. His younger students partici- pated in the Sinpyeong Manse Movement and March First Independence Movement in 1919, which further led to missionary work. Together they achieved great results. 'Reform from within' was Guha’s priority. He united the public through Hwanseong, promoted missions and academic-based scripture translation projects, and tried to coexist with the world through Buddhism. The reform spirit of Guha should be properly evaluated by closely examining any internal conflicts during his time and take note of his sacrifices in this process.